Objective: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms tool for data collection in chronic hepatitis B, addressing the issue of low efficiency in traditional multicenter data collection. Methods: Based on internationally recognized data standards, this study applies mature AI techniques in the field of computer science, such as optical character recognition and natural language processing, to the data collection of real-world cohorts in chronic hepatitis B research. This tool enables the electronic collection of various data formats, including digitization of raw data in image format, structured processing, and automatic population of data into electronic case report forms (eCRFs) designed in the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) system. Results: Experimental results demonstrate that the AI algorithmstool for data collection achieves the same average accuracy as manual data collection (P=0.23), with an accuracy rate of 98.66%, while reducing the time required by 75.49%(P<0.05) compared to manual collection. Conclusion: The AI algorithms tool for data collection developed in this study significantly improves the efficiency of research data collection and brings new developments to the real-world research data collection paradigm.

In recent years, immunotherapy plays an important role in the systematic treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gradually becomes one of the first-line treatments. However, the objective remission rate of patients and other indicators still have a large room for improvement even for the most preferred regimen recommended by many guidelines, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. It is speculated that a large number of HCC patients are in a state of primary immunotherapy resistance, leading to tumor immune escape, which is closely related to tumor microenvironment and tumor internal factors. Recent studies have found that HCC patients have a wide range of microbial dysregulation, including intestinal flora and the intratumoral flora. The former may interact with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment through their lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial metabolites (such as secondary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids) or their own structural proteins. The latter may change the biological characteristics of HCC cells and immune cells by regulating gene expressions at the epigenetic level and substance metabolites, thereby inducing immunosuppressive microenvironment and leading to immune escape of HCC. Here the characteristics of microbial dysregulation in HCC patients were summarized, and the potential mechanisms of HCC immune escape induced by intestinal flora and intratumoral flora were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy resistance of HCC.

Objective: To identify risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in spinal surgery and develop a nomogram prediction model, providing a basis for post-operative wound management. Methods: To identify risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in spinal surgery and develop a nomogram prediction model, providing a basis for post-operative wound management. Results: Key risk factors identified were intraoperative bleeding, time to drain removal, and postoperative albumin ≤30 g/L. The ROC AUCs for the training and validation groups were 0.775 and 0.754, respectively. Calibration curve analysis indicated close alignment of predicted and actual probabilities. DCA showed greater clinical utility in the training group. Conclusion: Intraoperative bleeding, drain removal time, and postoperative albumin ≤30 g/L are significant risk factors for SSI in spinal surgery. The nomogram model demonstrates good predictive performance, offering an effective tool for clinical evaluation and improving prediction accuracy in postoperative infection risk.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory mechanism of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) through the mitogen and stress activated protein kinase1-cAMP-response element binding protein(MSK1-CREB)signaling axis. Methods: A rat model of ICH was established using collagenase type Ⅶ injection into the caudate nucleus. Groups were set up as follows: control, sham operation(Sham), ICH+NBP and ICH+ normal saline (NS). Neurological function was assessed using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Brain water content was measured by the wet-dry weight method. Expression levels of Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and mitogen and stress activated protein kinase1 (MSK1) in the perihematoma tissue were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Results: NBP treatment significantly improved neurological deficits after ICH in rats, alleviated brain edema, and inhibited the expression of Caspase-3 while increasing the expression of Bcl-2, CREB, and MSK1. Conclusion: NBP inhibits neuronal apoptosis after ICH in rats through the MSK1-CREB signaling axis, a theoretical basis for the application of NBP in the treatment of ICH.

Objective: To investigate the effect of 630 nm LED irradiation on the polarization and function of murine M1-macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and primary peritoneal macrophages were irradiated with 630 nm LED (at a power density of 8 mW/cm²) either before or after the induction of M1-polarization by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Cell viabilities were measured by CCK-8 assay. Levels of surface activation/costimulatory molecules CD80 & CD86 were determined by flow cytometry, and expressions of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) & interleukin-1β(IL-1β) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Despite no effect on cell viabilities, 630 nm LED irradiation, either before or after the induction of M1-polarization by LPS and IFN-γ, not only significantly reduced surface expressions of CD80 and CD86 on RAW264.7 cells, but also hampered their mRNA exprssion and productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (P<0.05). Moreover, pretreating mice with 630 nm LED followed by in vitro LED irradiation of cells repressed the ability of primary murine peritoneal macrophages to secrete TNF-α and IL-6 upon activation by LPS and IFN-γ in vitro as well (P<0.05). Conclusion: 630 nm LED irradiation blunts the M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine production of murine macrophages, which may provide new therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of M1 macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Objective: To investigate the value of minigene splicing variant analysis in the diagnosis of phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG), and to explore the impact of a novel splicing-site variant on the transcript products of the PMM2 gene. Methods: High-throughput sequencing was performed on a PMM2-CDG patient to identify the genetic etiology. Minigene splicing variant analysis was performed to explore the pathogenicity of a novel splicing-site variant in the PMM2 gene. According to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the pathogenicity of the novel variant was determined. Results: On genetic analysis, the patient was a compound heterozygote of the maternal c.691G>A(p.Val231Met) and the paternal c.447+5G>A variants of the PMM2 gene. On minigene splicing variant analysis, the c.447+5G>A variant resulted in the formation of the aberrant transcript r.348_447del, indicating a pathogenic PMM2 variant. The clinical features of the patient were jaundice of the skin and sclera. The serum total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and total bile acids were significantly increased, albumin was significantly decreased, while alpha-fetoprotein, ferritin and thyrotropin were elevated. Symptomatic and supportive therapy was given, but the effect was not promising. Conclusion: Minigene splicing variant analysis revealed a new molecular marker for the definitive diagnosis and familial genetic counseling of PMM2-CDG, expanded the PMM2 genetic variant spectrum, and provided laboratory evidences for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Objective: To establish the reference intervals for thyroid hormone measurements in healthy early pregnant women at different ages in Zigong, Sichuan Province, by using the indirect method, to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Data from healthy early pregnant women who had medical records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First People’s Hospital of Zigong from January 2019 to December 2021, 1 518 cases in total, were selected. The data were categorized into three groups according to the ages of pregnant women: group A (<26 years old), group B (26~34 years old), and group C (>34 years old), and the range from 2.5% to 97.5% was used as the reference interval. Conduct statistical analysis of the five thyroid hormones, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), and serum free thyroxine (FT4), in the data of three age groups. Results: There is no statistical difference among the three indicators of TSH, FT3 and FT4 in early pregnancy women of different ages, and the reference intervals for the three age groups were TSH(0.12~3.81 mIU/L), FT3(2.20~5.03 pmol/L) and FT4(4.79~16.13 pmol/L). There are statistical differences in TT3 and TT4 levels at different ages. The reference intervals of TT3 and TT4 in early pregnancy women under the age of 26 were 1.04~2.78 nmol/L and 91.80~204.88 nmol/L, while those in early pregnancy women over the age of 26 were 1.04~2.55 nmol/L and 82.70~190.00 nmol/L. The differences between group A, B, C and the non-pregnant group were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The reference intervals for five thyroid hormone indicators in early pregnant women at different ages in Zigong, Sichuan Province have been established, providing a reference for clinical disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis judgment.

Data mining (DM) is the process of extracting potentially valuable information and knowledge from large amounts of incomplete, noisy, fuzzy, and random real-world application data. This technology integrates artificial intelligence, databases, statistics and other multidisciplinary content, providing excellent convenience for the innovation and development of diseases management-related research. In recent years, the application of DM technology to diabetes management has achieved great results in the early prevention of diabetes, the prediction of diabetes complications and the prognosis of diabetes. However, the application of data mining technology in the field of diabetes is still in the exploratory stage in China, so this paper aims to make a detailed review of the classification of data mining technology and the application and progress of data mining technology in diabetes screening, diabetes complications prediction and improvement of the management quality of diabetes patients, so that medical staffs can have a clear and intuitive understanding of the application of data mining technology in diabetes management, and find the existing problems in the application of data mining technology in diabetes management. This paper will provide evidences for the fine management of healthcare professionals to facilitate the production of research results that are beneficial to patients and healthcare providers.

Objective: The community structure of endophytic fungi in the scale leaves and roots of the lilium lancifolium, as well as the fungi in the rhizosphere soil, was analyzed. Furthermore, the ecological functions of endophytic fungi in the scale leaves, a medicinal part, were predicted. This approach aimed to identify functional groups closely associated with the active ingredients of L. lancifolium. Methods: The Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology was utilized to sequence the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region within the rhizosphere and endophytic fungi of L. lancifolium. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were used to functionally classify the scale leaves endophytic fungal community in FUNGuild software. Results: ① Ascomycota and Basidiomycetes are the predominant phyla in L. lancifolium. Cutaneotrichosporon and Fusarium are the dominant genera found on scale leaves. Cutaneotrichosporon is significantly more prevalent in scale leaves than in roots and rhizosphere soil.②The scale leaves of L. lancifolium are mainly divided into eight functional groups: undefined saprophytes, plant pathogens, plant endophytes-plant pathogens, animal pathogens-undefined saprophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi, litter saprotroph-plant pathogen, endophyte-undefined saprotroph and wood saprotroph. Undefined saprotroph is the most dominant group of scale leaves, and OTUs mainly belong to Nemania. Conclusion: Cutaneotrichosporon and Fusarium may be closely related to the active ingredient of L. lancifolium.

Objective: Develop and validate a knee joint MR image segmentation algorithm to address challenges in accurately identifying the fine structure of cartilage, resolving fuzzy segmentation boundaries, and mitigating mis-segmentation. The goal is to detect early cartilage lesions and aid the diagnosis of chronic diseases such as knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Utilized the SKI10 public dataset for experimental verification, partitioned into training (60%), validation (20%), and test (20%) datasets. CE-TransUNet, a novel network architecture combining the Transformer and U-Net methods, was proposed. This model integrates channel attention and edge attention mechanisms. The performance of the proposed model in knee joint MR image segmentation was assessed using the average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) as the primary evaluation metric. Results: Compared to the classical algorithm, CE-TransUNet demonstrates superior segmentation performance, achieving a DSC of 90.48%. Specifically, the DSC for femur and tibia segmentation reaches 93.55% and 93.10%, respectively. While for femoral and tibial cartilage, it is 87.69% and 87.58%. Conclusion: The segmentation results obtained using CE-TransUNet closely align with manual segmentation results, indicating superior performance compared to the comparison network model. This method presents a novel strategy to automatic knee cartilage segmentation, holding potential for clinical diagnosis and application.

Objective: To explore the correlation between video dependence and adolescent psychological anxiety, and to explore the effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: Linear correlation and multiple linear regression equations were used to analyze the relationship between psychological anxiety caused by video dependence in adolescents. Based on Tiktok video platform, relevant data were collected by adolescent video addiction scale and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Results: A total of 214 adolescents in Guangzhou were investigated. The results showed that video dependence was positively correlated with psychological anxiety (r=0.448,P<0.01), and the four dimensions of video dependence were significantly positively correlated with psychological anxiety. The four dimensions included loss of control (r=0.451,P<0.01), withdrawal (r=0.433,P<0.01), avoidance (r=0.333,P<0.01) and inefficiency (r=0.325,P<0.01). The regression equation showed that the standard regression coefficients of the two dimensions of video dependence, loss of control and withdrawal, were 0.392 and 0.368 respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: The video dependence of adolescents is positively correlated with their level of psychological anxiety, with the uncontrollable and withdrawal factors of video dependence having a more significant impact on anxiety. This study provides a reference basis for precise intervention of video dependence.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between peri-device leak (PDL)after thoracoscopic left atrial appendage ligation (LAAL) in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF) and left atrial appendage(LAA)morphology based on postoperative cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: Sixty-two patients with AF who underwent successful LAAL at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from November 2017 to April 2023 were enrolled, as well as their clinical data. Their postoperative CCTA images were evaluated to assess LAA morphological parameter. Based on the follow-up results after LAAL, the patients were divided into two groups, the PDL group (n=34) and the non-PDL group (n=28). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors among the variables with statistical differences between the two groups. Results: The parameters of the LAA between two groups were included in the single factor logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the short diameter of LAA (OR=0.393, 95% CI: 0.167~0.926, P=0.033), the long diameter of LAAO (OR=0.330, 95% CI: 0.138~0.785, P=0.012), the short diameter of LAAO (OR=0.083, 95% CI: 0.019~0.367, P=0.001), the perimeter of LAAO (OR=0.078, 95% CI: 0.510~0.983, P=0.039), the area of LAAO (OR=0.499, 95% CI: 0.319~0.783, P=0.002), and the volume of LAA (OR=0.855, 95% CI: 0.768~0.953, P=0.005) were associated with the occurrence of PDL. After multivariate logistic regression correction, that LAAO short diameter becomes longer was a risk factor for the occurence of PDL. Conclusion: The assessment of LAA morphology through CCTA has a certain predictive value for the occurrence of postoperative PDL in AF patients. When the short diameter of LAAO becomes longer, we need to be alert to the occurrence of PDL.

Artificial intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science has achieved significant breakthroughs in intelligent healthcare. AI holds tremendous potential in eye diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Numerous AI studies have been conducted both domestically and internationally on the diagnosis and treatment of ROP, demonstrating high accuracy in diagnosis and prognosis. Through telemedicine technology, AI can enhance the screening efficiency for infants with ROP and reduce complications, so that alleviate the burden on society, healthcare workers and patients. Despite the potential demonstrated by AI in ROP screening systems, its widespread application in clinical practice has not yet been realized, with most researches still in the experimental phase and facing various challenges. Also, current researches on AI for intelligent treatment guidance on ROP is still insufficient. Furthermore, AI in ROP telemedicine technology continues to confront stringent requirements regarding to image quality and shooting orientation, as well as potential risks associated with data security. Therefore, future development could further establish and refine intelligent diagnostic algorithms and predictive models for ROP and introduce this technology to the bedside of infants to reduce the incidence of blindness caused by ROP. This article highlights the potential of AI in reducing the blindness rate from ROP and proposes directions for future research to lay the foundation for its widespread implementation in clinical practice.

Mitofusion2 (Mfn2), a key factor regulating mitochondrial fusion, maintains dynamic changes in mitochondrial number, structure and biological functions by modulating the fusion and fission processes of mitochondria. The homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics is the premise of regulating organelle function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the brains of AD patients, β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and hyperphosphorylation of Tau proteins are accompanied by a significant decrease in the expression level of Mfn2, suggesting Mfn2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. This review focuses on the role of Mfn2 in mitochondrial dynamics of AD. Understanding the correlation between Mfn2 and the pathogenesis of AD will provide important information for the development of the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of tumor growth patterns on computed tomography (CT-TGP) for the postoperative recurrence and metastasis in non-metastatic colon cancer. Methods: Data of 426 patients with non-metastatic colon cancer who underwent surgical resection was retrospectively analyzed from two independent research centers (center1, n=204; center2, n=222). Preoperative CT images were analyzed to assess CT-TGP and tumor (CT-T) stage of enrolled patients. According to the signs of tumor outer margin, CT-TGP was classified as G1 (with smooth and clear tumor outer margin) or G2 (tumor outer margin was indistinct with irregular protrusions).CT-T stage was categorized into T1/2-T3ab (≤5 mm) or T3cd-T4 (>5 mm) based on the depth of tumor infiltration beyond the outer contour of the intestinal wall. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of the risk of recurrence and metastasis in colon cancer with CT-TGP and CT-T stages. Disease-free survival (DFS) of different CT-TGP or CT-T stage was compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The prognostic value of CT-TGP and CT-T stage was quantified using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index). The interobserver agreements of CT-TGP and CT-T stage were quantified utilizing Cohen’s kappa and Light’s kappa. Results: CT-TGP was identified significantly associated with DFS in both center 1and center 2. The hazard ratios (HRs) of CT-TGP in center 1 and center 2 were 2.48(95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32~4.64, P<0.01, C-index 0.61) and 2.59(95%CI 1.50~4.48, P<0.001, C-index 0.62) respectively. CT-T staging was only found significantly prognostic for DFS in center 1 (HR 2.65, 95% CI, 1.32~5.34, P<0.01,C-index 0.60). In center 2, there was no statistically significant difference in DFS between T3cd-T4 stage and T1/2-T3ab stage patients (HR 1.54, 95% CI, 0.83~2.83, P=0.17, C-index 0.55). Additionally, CT-TGP demonstrated better interobserver consistency than CT-T stage (Light’s kappa 0.67 vs 0.52). Conclusion: CT-TGP was associated with postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-metastatic colon cancer and exhibited good prognostic value in different centers. Compared to CT-T stage, CT-TGP possessed better inter-observer consistency. Therefore, CT-TGP was an effective prognostic biomarker and could be used for the analysis of risk stratification in patients with non-metastatic colon cancer.

Objective: To clarify the impact of a first-time hospitalization history of sepsis (her einafter referred to as sepsis) on long-term cardiovascular events in surviving adult patients. Methods: Applying queue research methods. According to the 1∶2 case-control matching principle, sepsis patients hospitalized in our hospital and non sepsis patients hospitalized in the same period were selected as the research subjects. Follow-up studies were conducted on two groups of patients after discharge. Recorded the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in two groups of patients during the follow-up period. Applying Logistic regression analysis to explore the impact of hospitalization history leading to sepsis on cardiovascular events.Results: Multivariate Logistic regression showed that:①Outcome of myocardial infarction: family history of heart disease, history of diabetes mellitus and hospitalization history of sepsis were significant influence factors of myocardial infarction during the follow-up period (P<0.05). OR were 2.012, 2.436, 1.473. ②Outcome of stroke: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of stroke and hospitalization history of sepsis were significant influence factors of stroke during follow-up period. OR were 1.392, 3.141, 1.893, 1.428. ③Cardiovascular death outcome: older age, diabetes mellitus, low BMI and sepsis hospitalization history were significant influence factors of cardiovascular death during the follow-up period. OR were 2.013, 1.876, 1.592, 1.404.④ All-cause death outcome: older age, male, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, active malignant tumor, smoking, and sepsis hospitalization history were significant influence factors of all-cause death during the follow-up period. OR were 2.446, 1.229, 2.398, 1.892, 2.713, 1.455, 1.454. Conclusion: Compared to non sepsis hospitalized survivors, adult sepsis survivors have an increased risk of experiencing cardiovascular events.

As the largest and most complex microbial ecosystem within the human body, the intestinal microbiota forms a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the host. The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota undergo changes throughout the entire life cycle while maintaining relative stability. With advancements in intestinal microbiota research technologies, recent studies have increasingly focused on the impact of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors on the intestinal microbiota, with particular attention to the dynamic changes at different stages of life. The intestinal microbiota undergoes continuous development, maturation, and aging, exhibiting age-specific characters. Fetal microbiota begins to colonize in utero, and the mode of delivery and feeding practices lay the foundation for early colonization of the intestinal microbiota. The weaning process facilitates the gradual maturation of the intestinal microbiota. During adolescence and menopause, the substantial fluctuations in sex hormone levels interact with the intestinal microbiota. In the aging phase, changes in the intestinal microbiota are closely associated with immune aging and chronic low-grade inflammation. Antibiotics exert significant disruptive effects on the intestinal microbiota throughout the life cycle, especially with more pronounced effects in early life stage. This review analyzed the key factors influencing the normal initiation, maturation, and aging of the intestinal microbiota, aiming to explore the interrelationships between these factors and host physiological functions, providing a foundation for a deeper understanding of the dynamic changes in the intestinal microbial ecosystem.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of blood lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on the 28-day mortality risk in sepsis patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 145 sepsis patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. All patients were admitted to the hospital and laboratory tests such as blood gas analysis and routine blood tests were completed and SOFA scores were performed. All patients were followed up for 28 days. Based on survival outcome, the patients were divided into two groups: the survival group (46 cases) and the death group (99 cases). Comparative analysis was then carried out to assess the differences in blood lactate, IL-6, and SOFA scores between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors influencing sepsis patient mortality. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to examine the associations between blood lactate, IL-6, SOFA scores, and sepsis patient mortality. Furthermore, the predictive value of blood lactate, IL-6, and SOFA scores, as well as their combined tests, were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The model underwent 500 resampling iterations using the Bootstrap method in R, followed by the generation of calibration curves and clinical decision curves.Results: Blood lactate levels, IL-6 and SOFA scores of patients in the sepsis death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group, and the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). The overall morbidity and mortality rate among patients with sepsis was 68% (99/145). Univariate logistic regression analysis shows diabetes, blood lactate, IL-6, and SOFA score as correlates of death in patients with sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that high SOFA score, having diabetes mellitus, and high IL-6 were independent risk factors for death in sepsis patients. Furthermore, blood lactate, IL-6, and SOFA scores positively correlated with sepsis patient mortality, while the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for blood lactate, IL-6, SOFA scores, and the combination of the three tests were 0.863, 0.850, 0.897, and 0.949, respectively. The optimal threshold values for lactate, IL-6, and SOFA scores were identified as 2.950 mmol/L, 100.970 pg/mL, and 7.500 points, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for lactate were 77.800% and 89.100%, for IL-6 were 70.700% and 91.300%, and for SOFA score were 93.900% and 80.400%. The combined test exhibited a sensitivity of 90.900% and a specificity of 89.100%. Conclusion: Elevated levels of blood lactate, IL-6, and SOFA scores have been identified as independent risk factors for mortality in patients with sepsis. The clinical prediction model developed in this study demonstrates high accuracy and clinical applicability, while the simultaneous use of these three tests holds significant predictive value in prognostic analysis for sepsis patients.

Objective: To study the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in patients with osteomyelitis by meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM were searched for Prevalence of MRSA infection in patients with osteomyelitis from inception to August 2023. The data were independently screened and extracted by 2 investigators according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the quality of literature was evaluated using the NOS. Data were combined using prevalence as an outcome indicator, and meta-analysis was conducted using R (4.3.1) software with subgroup analysis based on types of osteomyelitis, age and research region. Results: A total of 26 papers containing 20 860 patients with osteomyelitis were included. Meta-analysis showed that the combined prevalence of MRSA infection in patients with osteomyelitis was 0.240 (95% CI: 0.183~0.297). Subgroup analyses showed a higher prevalence of MRSA infection in patients with VO, aged 18~60 years, and in patients with osteomyelitis in North America. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA infection is high in patients with osteomyelitis, and effective prevention and control measures are needed to reduce the transmission of MRSA.

Objective: To investigate the effect of breast milk with bacteria on intestinal microbiota of 6-month-old infants based on 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Methods: A total of 12 postpartum women and their infants were included in this study. The 6-month-old postpartum milk and 6-month-old infant fecal samples were collected. According to the 6-month-old postpartum breast milk with or without bacteria, the breast milk was divided into sterile breast milk group and bacterial breast milk group, and the diversity and species difference of intestinal microbiota of 6-month-old infants fed by sterile breast milk and bacterial breast milk were compared. Results: In 6-month-old postpartum breast milk samples of 12 cases, microbiota was found in 7 cases, and the detection rate of microbiota in breast milk samples was 58.33%. There was no significant difference in α and β diversity between 6-month-old infants fed with bacterial breast milk and 6-month-old infants fed by sterile breast milk. The relative abundance of Clostridium_innocuum, unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae, Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichales and Erysipelotrichaceae in intestinal microbiota of 6-month-old infants fed by bacterial breast milk was significantly higher than that of 6-month-old infants fed by sterile breast milk (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in intestinal microbiota of infants fed by sterile breast milk was significantly higher than that of infants fed with by bacterial breast milk (P<0.05). Conclusion: The 6-month-old postpartum breast milk may without bacteria. The presence or absence of microbiota in breast milk may not change the diversity of intestinal microbiota of 6-month-old infants, but it can change the structure of intestinal microbiota of 6-month-old infants.

Objective: The short-form Chinese smartphone dependence questionnaire(SPDQ) was developed and validated and established a cutoff point for screening smartphone dependence in China. Methods: A total of 221 participants completed a four-wave online survey that collected demographic data, general mental health, and responses to the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-SF) and 7-tiem SPDQ. Factor analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and correlation analysis were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of SPDQ. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the 7-item SPDQ was selected to represent two-factor construct, including cognitive or mental response to dependence and behavioral response to dependence. For maximal diagnostic accuracy, a cutoff point of 4/5 best-discriminated cases of smartphone dependence as a reference to SPAI-SF. Conclusion: SPDQ demonstrated acceptable construct validity and fair to moderate levels of test reliability. This finding provides a valuable tool in population-based research on smartphone dependence in China.

Objective: The study aimed to create a personalized predictive model for postoperative recurrent lumbar disc herniation (PRLDH) following percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) in patients. Methods: Data from 227 patients who underwent PETD surgery between June 2019 and January 2023, including 28 additional clinical features were collected. Independent risk factors for PRLDH were identified using Lasso and multiple-factor logistic regression, leading to the development of a Nomogram model. Internal validation was performed to assess model accuracy, calibration, and clinical utility. Results: Intervertebral disc angles, functional cross-sectional area of the ipsilesional multifidus muscle, Modic changes, and BMI were identified as independent predictive factors significantly associated with the occurrence of PRLDH (P<0.05). A Nomogram model was developed based on selected predictors. Internal validation resulted in an AUC of 0.867 (95%CI: 0.787~0.946) for predicting PRLDH. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded non-significance ( x²=10.154, P=0.254), and the calibration curve showed good consistency between observed and predicted values. DCA identified a threshold range of 0.05~0.91 for PRLDH prediction, indicating clinical net benefits. CIC indicated that within this threshold probability range, the expected recurrent cases exceeded the actual ones. Furthermore, the Nomogram model consistently outperformed individual risk factors in clinical benefits. Conclusion: The Nomogram predictive model, based on the assessment of paraspinal muscles, demonstrates excellent predictive capability and contributes to the personalized assessment of the risk of PRLDH.

Objective: To construct a 3D imaging model based on dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to predict the expression level of Ki-67 in breast cancer. Methods: The clinical, pathological and MR Dynamic enhanced imaging data of 110 female patients with invasive breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to Ki-67 value, those with Ki-67 value ≥30% was defined as high expression group and <30% was defined as low expression group. The 3D imaging features of the tumor area in the fourth stage of DCE-MRI were extracted. The optimal features were selected to construct the expression state model of Ki-67 prediction in breast cancer, and the Nomogram was drawn to visualize the model and evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Bootstrap was used to sample the training sample for 1000 times and reconstruct the model for internal verification. Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the training group showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.876 (95%CI 0.803~0.949), the optimal cut-off value was 0.513, the sensitivity was 80.6%, and the specificity was 86.9%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was 0.735. The decision curve (DCA) threshold ranges from 17% to 100%. In the internal validation group, AUC was 0.854 (95%CI 0.851~0.878), sensitivity was 84.0%, and specificity was 72.9%. Conclusion: The expression status of Ki-67 in breast cancer can be predicted before surgery based on the 3D features of DCE-MRI imaging, which provides an effective and non-invasive imaging model to evaluate the proliferation of breast cancer tumor cells before surgery, and provides a new reference for the treatment decision selection of breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of subsyndromal delirium (SSD) after orthopedic surgery in adults and construct a risk model for verification. Methods: Using a convenient sampling method, selected 333 adult patients of Luoyang Orthopedics Hospital (Henan Orthopedic Hospital), from January 1, 2022, to June 30, collected clinical data and various indicators, discussed the risk factors of SSD in adults after orthopedic surgery through logistic regression analysis by univariate analysis and dichotomy surgery, constructed the risk model function and nomogram prediction model, The developed model was evaluated by both discrimination measured by the C-index and calibration evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration plot,which compares the prediction probability and the actual observation Probability.A nomogram was established based on the risk predictive model by using R for Windows with The rms package R. Results: 301 cases were included in the study, including 274 (non-SSD) and 27 (SSD), and the incidence of SSD was 8.97%. Univariate analysis found that the influencing factors of adult orthopedic postoperative SSD are blood sodium and hemoglobin on admission, FRAIL scale score, daily living ability at admission, APACHE Ⅱ score, intraoperative use of sedative, analgesics, intraoperative blood transfusion, hemoglobin in ICU, the two groups are significant difference (P<0.05). Dichotomous logistic regression analysis found that blood sodium at admission (OR=0.922), FRAIL scale score at admission (OR=1.418), and daily living ability score at admission (OR=0.973) were independent risk factors for subpatients (P<0.05). Y=11.484-0.081×c_{blood sodium at admission} +0.349×FRAIL scale score at admission-0.027×daily living ability score at admission. An individualized nomogram prediction model was established with the above factors, and the C index is 0.788[95%CI(0.738, 0.833)], The model showed a good false acceptance rate is 8.97%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 77.8% and 69.71%, and the correction curve was fit well (Hosmer-Lemeshow test,P=0.705).Conclusion: The prediction model of the column graph established in this study is helpful for clinical staff to carry out early assessment and screening of these factors, intuitively and easily identify the population with subsyndromal delirium, and provide reference for early screening and intervention, as well as for optimizing the management of postoperative delirium in orthopedic patients.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and cause of false positive reaction about hepatitis C virus antibody detection in maintenance hemodialysis outpatients, in order to correctly deal with the antibody test reports and the doctor-patient communication problems. Methods: The hepatitis C virus antibody and RNA in 279 maintenance hemodialysis outpatients of General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA were analyzed by cluster sampling, cross-sectional investigation and retrospective study from December 2019 to December 2022. Results: It was found that 81 patients were false positive for hepatitis C virus antibody,which accounted to 29.03%; S/CO values between 1.0 and 5.0 was 98.77%, and between 5.0 and 10.0 was 1.23%. All cases were reviewed by HCV-RNA three times,and were negative. Different detection methods and reporting procedures were chosen at the department of laboratory and the department of blood transfusion medicine,and the results were significantly different(P<0.01). Conclusion: The S/CO values of false positive reactions about hepatitis C virus antibody detection are mostly in the gray zone range and are related to the detection strategy and reporting procedure.

Objective: To investigate the change of epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its correlation with cardiac ultrasound parameters and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: SLE patients admitted to Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from October 2019 to October 2021 were included as the case group, and healthy subjects in the same period were included as the control group. EFT was measured in both groups. SLE patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether EFT was thickened. The differences in inflammatory indicators, cardiac ultrasound parameters and traditional cardiovascular risk factors between the two subgroups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for EFT thickening. Results: The EFT of SLE patients was significantly thicker than that of the control group [4.40(2.60)mm vs. 3.10(1.60)mm, P<0.001]. EFT thickening occurred in 42.0% (76/131) of SLE patients and 9.5% (9/95) of healthy controls. The age, body mass index (BMI), left atrial diameter (LAD), right ventricular inner diameter (RVD), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in the EFT thickening group were significantly higher than those in the non-thickening group. EFT was positively correlated with age, disease course, BMI, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, LAD, RVD, IVST, LVPWT and CIMT. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that increased LVPWT was a risk factor for EFT thickening. Conclusion: EFT thickening in SLE patients is associated with changes in cardiac structural or functional parameters, suggesting that further screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be conducted in SLE patients with increased EFT and abnormal cardiac structure or functional parameters.

Objective: To explore the value of the peripheral blood parameters including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in evaluating RA disease activity and drug efficacy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 99 patients with active RA and 100 healthy subjects as the control group from December 2019 to December 2021. The differences of NLR, PLR and LMR between active RA groups and healthy control group, as well as the correlation between NLR, PLR, LMR and RA disease activity were analyzed. In 53 active RA patients who had received infliximab treatment for 14 weeks, the changes of NLR, PLR and LMR and their correlation with the efficacy of infliximab were analyzed in clinical responder group and clinical unresponder group. Results: ① The NLR and PLR of the active RA group were higher than those of the healthy control group, while the LMR was lower than that of the healthy control group (P<0.05). ② The NLR and PLR of low disease activity group were lower than those of medium/high disease activity group,while LMR was higher than that of medium/high disease activity group (P<0.05). ③ The NLR and PLR were positively correlated with DAS28-ESR, ESR and CRP in active RA patients. However, LMR was negatively correlated with DAS28-ESR, ESR and CRP (P<0.05). ④ ESR, CRP,DAS28-ESR, NLR and PLR decreased and LMR increased significantly compared to baseline in RA patients treated with infliximab for 14 weeks(P<0.05). ⑤ After treatment with infliximab, the clinical responder group had lower NLR and PLR than the clinical non-responder group, while the clinical responder group had higher LMR than the clinical non-responder group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Peripheral blood NLR, PLR and LMR in active RA can help evaluate disease activity and efficacy of infliximab.

Objective: A hypothermia risk prediction model in elderly total hip arthroplasty (THA) was constructed. Methods: The data of 252 elderly patients who underwent hip replacement surgery from January 2019 to May 2022 were included, and the risk factors for hypothermia were analyzed, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and validated. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that anesthesia time, operation time, operating room ambient temperature, intraoperative infusion, and surgical bleeding were independent influencing factors of intraoperative hypothermia in elderly people with THA (P<0.05). The AUC of the nomogram prediction model is 0.888(95%CI:0.849~0.928), and the consistency results are close to the ideal predictive ability, and the clinical decision curve shows that the threshold is 0.15~0.95, which can benefit clinically. Conclusion: The model constructed in this study can accurately predict intraoperative hypothermia in elderly patients with total hip arthroplasty, which can provide reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective: This study aimed to achieve the design, in vitro preparation and validation of recombinant antibodies against human Spastin using the machine learning software Rosetta. Methods: Antibodies targeting the antigenic determinant of human Spastin protein were designed using Rosetta. The amino acid sequences of the Fab segment’s light and heavy chains variable regions were obtained and converted into nucleotide sequences to obtain the full-length cDNA of the light and heavy chains after codon optimization. Subsequently, the sequences of the full human-derived anti-Spastin light and heavy chains were constructed in recombinant expression vectors. The antibodies were expressed and purified in the 293FT eukaryotic expression system. The ability of the antibodies to recognize the recombinant human Spastin protein were identified using Western blot. The binding and conformation of the antibody-antigen complex were simulated through Rosetta modeling. Results: The recombinant antibodies against human Spastin were successfully constructed and expressed in the eukaryotic system. The recombinant antibody’s light and heavy chains formed complete antibodies that could specifically recognize the human Spastin protein. Conclusion: Using Rosetta software, this study successfully designed recombinant antibodies capable of specifically recognizing Spastin.

Objective: To explore the short-term clinical efficacy of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) suture augmentation repair, PLUS suture augmentation repair and anterior tibiofibular ligament’s distal fascicle (ATiFL-DF) transfer augmentation repair under arthroscopy. Methods: The retrospective study included a cohort of sixty-seven patients who underwent surgical treatment for an anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury between June 2019 and February 2021, with a follow-up period of two years. The patient groupings consisted of 25 individuals who underwent ATFL suture augmentation repair (suture group), 22 who received the PLUS suture augmentation repair (PLUS suture group), and 20 who were treated with ATiFL-DF transfer augmentation repair (biological group). Postoperative evaluations were conducted using a suite of standardized measures, including the American orthopaedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) score, foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and stress radiographs.Results: At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the AOFAS score of patients in the biological group was significantly lower than that in the suture group and PLUS suture group (AOFAS score of 1 month is 78.2±7.2, 83.7±5.7 and 85.0±6.2 in biological group, suture group and PLUS suture group respectively, P=0.002; AOFAS score of 3 months is 86.9±4.3, 91.2±3.6 and 91.8±3.7 in biological group, suture group and PLUS suture group respectively, P<0.001). At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, the VAS scores in the biological group were significantly higher than those in the suture group and PLUS suture group (VAS score of 1 month is 3.5±1.2, 2.6±1.1 and 2.8±0.8 in biological group, suture group and PLUS suture group respectively, P=0.001; VAS score of 3 months is 2.9±1.1, 2.1±1.3 and 2.0±1.0 in biological group, suture group and PLUS suture group respectively, P=0.001). In addition, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months postoperatively, there were no significant differences among the three treatment groups in terms of AOFAS, VAS, FAAM, and stress radiogram (P>0.05).Conclusion: ATFL suture augmentation repair, PLUS suture augmentation repair, and ATiFL-DF transfer augmentation repair have all demonstrated efficacious therapeutic outcomes. However, it was observed that the early postoperative pain experienced by patients who underwent the ATiFL-DF transfer augmentation repair was more intense when compared to those who received suture augmentation repair and PLUS suture augmentation repair.

Objective: To explore the rationality of thalidomide (TLD) in outpatient use by evidence-based medicine evaluation method. Methods: A retrospective method was used to select 360 prescriptions containing TLD issued in outpatient clinics of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University in 2022. The off-label use was statistically analyzed, evaluated in evidence-based medicine evaluation path. The causes of off-label use were also analyzed. Results: The clinical use of TLD was off-label. The main indications were Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and Behçet’s syndrome. Evidence-based medical evidence evaluation is acceptable for use or could be used when other drugs were in valid or ineffective. The main reason for off-label drug use is that doctors believe that off-label drug use of TLD conforms to guidelines. Conclusion: The off-label use of TLD in outpatient clinics is supported by evidence-based medical evidence, but the off-label use of TLD should be strictly recorded in accordance with the record process.

Objective: To explore the body surface area (BSA)-based individualized iodine contrast agent protocol in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). Methods: Thirty patients suspected of having coronary artery disease were randomly allocated into two groups based on body surface area (BSA): Large BSA group comprised individuals with BSA below 1.6 m², while small BSA group B included those with BSA equal to or above 1.6 m². The dosage of iodine contrast agents was calculated based on BSA×10/iodine concentration, the injection time of the contrast agent is 10 s. Coronary arteries were imaged in the patient’s free breathing state using Revolution CT. Radiologists with over 5 years chest imaging diagnosis experience scored the subjective and objective image quality. CT images were subjectively evaluated by the five-point scale, and objectively measured by the CT values and SNR values of the six main blood vessels, including descending aorta, ascending aorta, left coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, left circumflex branch and right coronary artery.Results: The subjective assessment revealed that both groups of images obtained scores exceeding 3 points, meeting diagnostic criteria. Moreover, there was good agreement between the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of the two physicians (0.81 and 0.71, respectively). Objective evaluation demonstrated satisfactory visualization of coronary arteries in both image sets. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in coronary artery CT values and SNR measurements between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: BSA-based individualized contrast agent injection protocol showed clinical feasibility, and the degree of enhancement of the coronary arteries is appropriate and uniform, meeting clinical diagnostic requirements.

Objective: The risk factors for collapse in association research circulation osseous (ARCO) stage Ⅱ (non-collapse) nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) were analyzed, and a nomogram risk prediction model was developed to provide a simple tool and theoretical basis for identifying ARCO stage Ⅱ patients with a high collapse risk. Methods: Patients with ARCO stage Ⅱ and stage ⅢA (early collapse) NONFH diagnosed and treated from July 2017 to February 2024 were retrospectively selected as subjects. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a verification group at a ratio of 6:4 to screen the independent risk factors of collapse and develop a prediction model and test the model's effectiveness. The optimal characteristic values were screened using LASSO regression analysis of the indexes of the patients in the training group with R statistical software. The risk factors of collapse were screened using a multifactor Logistic regression analysis. A prediction model was developed, and thus, the prediction and differentiation performance of the model for the risk of collapse in ARCO stage Ⅱ patients were compared between the training and verification groups. The evaluation indexes included the C-index and calibration curve. The model was visually quantified by a nomogram and its clinical effectiveness was evaluated by a decision curve. Results: A total of 78 patients (95 hips) with ARCO stage Ⅱ NONFH and 80 patients (102 hips) with ARCO stage ⅢA NONFH who met the criteria were included, totaling 197 hips. Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed a long pain time (OR=1.176,95%CI:1.090-1.313), the percentage of femoral head involvement (PFHI) >30% (OR=25.257,95%CI:2.771-436.321), bone marrow edema (BME) grade 3 (OR=1.963,95%CI:0.017-22.424), combined preserved angle (CPA) <118.7°(OR=6.814,95%CI:1.658-37.099), high red blood cell volume distribution width (OR=1.097,95%CI:0.611-1.570) and high platelet volume distribution width (OR=1.174,95%CI:0.119-13.149) were independent risk factors for femoral head collapse (P<0.05). The collapse risk prediction model for patients with NONFH in ARCO stage Ⅱ developed in this study showed good differentiation, and its C-indices in the training and verification groups were 0.844 and 0.878, respectively. In the training and verification groups, the calibration curve showed that the predicted results of the nomogram agreed well with the actual observational results. The results of the decision curve analysis showed that the prediction model could provide more net benefits to patients within a more extensive probability threshold range. Conclusion: Long pain duration, PFHI >30%, BME grade 3, CPA <118.7°, high red blood cell volume distribution width and high platelet volume distribution width can be used as predictive factors for the occurrence of femoral head collapse in ARCO stage Ⅱ, which is helpful for clinicians to detect and intervene in the occurrence and development of femoral head collapse in the early stages.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common non-communicable diseases in the world, with high morbidity, disability and mortality rates, and are a serious threat to human health. Studies have shown that CVDs are the leading cause of death in the world. Environmental pollution is an important risk factor for CVDs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common semi-volatile organic pollutants in the atmosphere. They can cause a variety of CVDs including hypertension, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis (AS) and congenital heart disease (CHD). This study systematically reviewed the relationship between PAHs and CVDs as well as the effects of PAHs exposure on CVDs, summarized the in vivo and in vitro experimental and epidemiological studies related to PAHs and CVDs, and elucidated the mechanisms of cardiovascular system damage (oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, vascular homeostasis imbalance, cell electrophysiological abnormality, gene toxicity, etc.) induced by PAHs exposure. It provides important scientific basis and research direction for clarifying the harm of PAHs to CVDs, reducing the disease burden of CVDs and studying the pathogenesis of CVDs in the future.

Objective: To utilize the GEO database for screening DEGs in tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It aims to further analyze the correlation with immune cell infiltration and prognosis. Methods: The dataset GSE23400, containing data on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, was extracted from the GEO database. DEGs analysis was subsequently performed using the Limma package in the R software. The two-platform data of GSE23400 were integrated and the immune cell infiltration in each sample was calculated by ssGSEA algorithm of GSVA package, and the correlation between immune infiltrated cells and DEGs were calculated. The association between DEGs and the overall survival of patients was investigated using the GSE53624 dataset. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between immune infiltrating cells and genes associated with patient survival was evaluated. Also, the expression levels of the survival-related genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were validated using the GSE53622 dataset, and their correlation with patient prognosis was examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to detect the protein expression levels of DEGs in 38 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the corresponding non-tumor tissues. The mRNA and protein expression levels of EHF and CSTB in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Through the analysis of data from 104 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a total of 38 DEGs between cancerous and normal tissues were identified. In immune-infiltration analysis, the immune cell infiltration in cancerous and normal tissue was different, the 38 DEGs were related to the abundance of immune cells infiltration. It was exposed that the expressions of EHF and CSTB genes were significantly correlated with survival time of the patients with esophageal cancer through survival analysis (both P<0.05). In GSE53624 dataset, a significant positive correlation was found between EHF gene expression and CD4⁺T cells, B cells. The correlation coefficients r were 0.69 and 0.67, respectively (both P<0.01). The positively correlation between CSTB gene expression and CD8⁺T cells, natural killer T cells was significant, with the correlation coefficients r were 0.76 and 0.62, respectively (both P<0.01). The survival time of patients with increased EHF and CSTB genes expression was significantly higher than that of patients with low expression level (median survival 59.1 vs. 24.1; 63.1 vs. 23.9). The expressions of EHF and CSTB genes were decreased in GSE53622 dataset (both P<0.01). Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who exhibited high expression of EHF and CSTB genes showed a more favorable prognosis compared to those with low expression level (median survival NA vs. 29.7; NA vs. 17.9, both P<0.05). The results from IHC demonstrated a significant decrease in the protein expression levels of EHF and CSTB in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared to the corresponding adjacent tissues (both P<0.05). Similarly, the results from RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis indicated a significantly lower expression of EHF and CSTB in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells when compared to normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells (both P<0.05). Conclusion: EHF and CSTB genes are likely to play significant roles in tumor immunity and the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. These findings could potentially serve as a theoretical foundation for the development of immunotherapy strategies and prognostic evaluations.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of abbreviated protocols(AP) of magnetic resonance protocols (MRI) in the detection of breast cancer. Methods: A total of 193 lesions were retrospectively collected from 186 cases of breast routine MRI with pathological results. Radiologists reviewed the images with three protocols respectively, including the standard full diagnostic protocol (FDP), Ap1 [consisting of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), pre- and the first postcontrast acquisition with derived images (postcontrast subtracted images)], and AP2 [consisting of DWI, pre-, the first and the second postcontrast acquisition with derived images (subtracted images)]. The scanning time, imaging reading time and diagnostic performance indexes of above three protocols were compared respectively. Results: The scanning time and imaging reading time of AP1 and AP2 were shorter than FDP (P<0.001). The sensitivity of the three protocols were AP1 (80.9%), FDP (93.3%) and AP2 (96.6%) respectively. There was no significant difference in AP1 vs. AP2 (P=0.104) and AP2 vs. FDP (P=0.305), but the sensitivity of AP1 vs. AP2 (P=0.011) showed a statistically significant difference. No significant difference was observed in the specificity between FDP (86.5%), AP1 (92.3%) and AP2 (89.4%) (P>0.05). FDP, AP1 and AP2 all showed high diagnostic performance, and the AUC were 0.899±0.025, 0.866±0.029 and 0.930±0.021, respectively. The area under curve of AP1 was lower than that of FDP (P=0.014) and AP2 (P=0.002), and there was no statistical difference between AP2 and FDP (P=0.116). Conclusion: AP of MRI can save medical resources and improve work efficiency, and the diagnostic efficiency of AP2 is comparable to that of FDP. AP2 has good clinical utility for breast cancer screening.

Objective: Coating films were fabricated with antibacterial and antiviral activity, which can be widely used on surfaces of public facilities to control the microbiological risk. Methods: The resin polyvinyl butyral (PVB) was dissolved in non-toxic and volatile ethanol, and then nano-zinc oxide (ZnONP) or nano-copper oxide (CuONP) particles with antibacterial and antiviral effects were added. The disinfection performance of the coating films was investigated via adding nanoparticles with different sizes and amounts. Results: Analyses of scanning electron microscopy showed that CuONP and ZnONP formed uniform films with PVB. In addition, the larger contact area and the higher dosage of nanoparticles promoted the bactericidal effect against E. coli and MS2 phage. With the contact area larger than 80 cm², the removal can reach up to 90% with removal rate over 1%/min. Conclusion: The PVB composite coating films have high antibacterial and antiviral activity, which provides a new approach to control microbiological risk for public health.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and analyze its correlation with postural balance disorders and non-motor symptoms. Methods: A total of 65 patients with primary PD and 60 healthy individuals (HC) matched for gender and age were included in the neurology department of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2022 to June 2023, and all underwent VEMP examination. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr staging (H-Y) were used to assess patients' motor symptoms and disease severity. Montreal cognitive assessment(MOCA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Hamilton depression rating scale-24 (HAMD-24), Hamilton anxiety rating scale-14 (HAMA-14), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire (RBD-SQ), Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS), scale for outcomes in Parkinson's disease-autonomic(SCOPA-AUT), brief fatigue inventory (BFI), international restless legs scale (IRLS), Kings's Parkinson's disease pain scale (KPPS) and Wexner continence grading score (WCGS) were used to evaluate the non-motor symptoms of patients. Berg balance scale (BBS), activities balance confidence scale (ABC) and Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment (Tinetti-POMA) were used to assess patients' postural balance disorders. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between VEMP and postural balance disorders and non-motor symptoms. Results: The abnormal rate of VEMP in PD patients was significantly higher than that in HC group [72.31% (47/65) vs. 33.33% (20/60), χ²=19.056, P<0.001], and the abnormal pattern was mainly due to lack of response [58.46% (38/47)]. Spearman correlation analysis between VEMP score and PD patient course, LEDD and various scale scores showed that VEMP score was negatively correlated with BBS score (r=-0.307, P=0.013) and Tinetti-POMA score (r=-0.255, P=0.042), and positively correlated with HAMA-14 score (r=0.323, P=0.009) and RBD-SQ score (r=0.476, P=0.001). Conclusion: The abnormal rate of VEMP in PD patients will significantly increase, and the abnormal pattern was mainly response loss. VEMP abnormalities were significantly correlated with posture balance disorders, anxiety severity, and RBD severity in PD patients. VEMP, as a non-invasive and objective neurophysiological indicator, can provide a basis for diagnosing brainstem dysfunction in PD and lay a theoretical foundation for auxiliary treatments such as vestibular stimulation and vestibular rehabilitation.

Objective: The interleukin-33 (IL-33)/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of tumors. Increased IL-33 levels promote the proliferation of tumor cells. This article aims to screen and express nanoantibodies targeting interleukin IL-33, block the transduction of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway by binding to IL-33, regulate inflammatory responses, and prevent tumor deterioration. Methods: Nanoantibody sequences that specifically bind to interleukin IL-33 were screened from a large-capacity natural phage nanoantibody library by panning, enrichment verification and screening, and two Nb_IL-33 nanoantibodies with different amino acid sequences were obtained; the Nb_IL-33 nanoantibody sequence was amplified from the phage plasmid pMECS by PCR technology, and the nanoantibody sequence was connected to the expression vector pMal-c4x by plasmid construction method and transformed into the expression strain BL21 (DE3) to obtain the soluble fusion expression strain of Nb_IL-33 and MBP tag protein: Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was used to purify Nb_A1 fusion protein and Nb_E12 fusion protein; ELISA method was used to detect the specificity, affinity and thermal stability of Nb_IL-33; CCK8 method was used to detect the inhibitory effect of Nb_IL-33 on IL-33-induced human breast cancer cell proliferation. Results: By screening the nanoantibody sequence that specifically binds to interleukin IL-33 from the natural phage nanoantibody library, two Nb_IL-33 nanoantibodies with different amino acid sequences were obtained, named Nb_A1 and Nb_E12 respectively; they were expressed in E.coli BL21, and two nanoantibodies with a purity of more than 90% were obtained by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. ELISA showed that both Nb_A1 and Nb_E12 could bind to IL-33, and their affinity constants Ka values were (6.068±2.58)×10⁵ mol/L and (2.17±0.37)×10⁶ mol/L, respectively; CCK8 assay proved that both NbA1 and NbE12 had an inhibitory effect on IL-33-induced human breast cancer cell proliferation, and the inhibitory effect of Nb_A1 was greater than that of Nb_E12. Conclusion: In this study, two IL33-targeting nanoantibody sequences were screened from the natural phage nanoantibody library, and the Nb_IL-33 fusion protein expression strain was constructed. Non-fusion proteins Nb_A1 and Nb_E12 with a purity greater than 90% were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and their biological functions were preliminarily studied, laying the foundation for the tumor treatment strategy targeting IL-33.

Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death different from apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and autophagy, which mainly involves three metabolic pathways namely iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant. It plays an important role in the occurrence, progression and drug resistance of digestive tract tumors. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA, regulate the expression of ferroptosis-related genes in digestive tract tumors, thereby influencing the ferroptosis pathway of tumor cells and affecting the initiation and progression of tumors. Therefore, ncRNAs play a crucial role in regulating ferroptosis in digestive tract tumors. This review summarizes the mechanisms of ferroptosis and provides an overview of ncRNA involved in regulating and modulating ferroptosis in digestive tract tumors in recent years, offering theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract tumors in the future.