Objective: To develop a learning disabilities rating scale (LDRS) for school-aged children in China and test its reliability and validity. Methods: A primary school in Heyuan, Guangdong Province was randomly selected for Pretest and Formal Test, with sample sizes of 114 and 433, respectively. Pretest data were analyzed using reliability analysis, item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The formal test phase employed reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity testing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to evaluate the screening capacity of LDRS. Results: The finalized LDRS comprises 5 dimensions with 29 items, categorized as reading comprehension, mathematics, written expression, attention, and emotional behavior. LDRS has been confirmed to possess excellent reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity. Using clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, ROC analysis determined an optimal cutoff score of 71.5 for LDRS, yielding a sensitivity of 0.906, specificity of 0.756, and a Youden index of 0.662. Conclusion: The LDRS is a dependable and effective instrument for screening individuals with learning disabilities, helping to assess learning disabilities among school-aged children in China.

Jintiange capsule is principally composed of bionic tiger-bone powder. Significant therapeutic effects have been demonstrated in areas including the enhancement of osteogenic activity, increase in bone density, inhibition of bone resorption, and reduction of bone loss, with positive therapeutic impacts observed on various clinical manifestations caused by osteoporosis. When combined with other medications for primary or secondary osteoporosis treatment, enhanced therapeutic efficacy has been documented. Bone mineral density and osteocalcin levels have been effectively improved through this combination therapy. The bone metabolism process has been regulated, patient pain has been significantly alleviated, and favorable safety profiles have been maintained. To evaluate the clinical value of Jintiange capsule combination therapy in osteoporosis treatment, relevant application studies are systematically reviewed in this article.

Currently, there is limited systematic research on postoperative rehabilitation protocols for Maisonneuve fractures regarding functional recovery and long-term athletic performance maintenance in elite athletes. This article presented a case report on personalized and sport-specific rehabilitation protocol after Maisonneuve fracture surgery of professional basketball player, integrating progressive weight-bearing training, isokinetic strength enhancement, and neuromuscular control exercises. By 32 weeks postoperatively, the patient's ankle ROM and muscle strength had recovered to over 90% of the contralateral side, meanwhile the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score had decreased from 7 to 1. Through a 10-year follow-up, the athlete had maintained professional competitive performance, with the American orthopaedic foot & ankle society (AOFAS) score consistently at 100 points, while without any complications such as post-traumatic osteoarthritis observed. This case illustrated that a staged rehabilitation protocol based on sport biomechanical characteristics could effectively promote functional reconstruction in athletes. Furthermore, the long-term safety and athletic-performance outcomes observed in this protocol might provide valuable insights for similar clinical cases.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value and innovation of karyotyping and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) in prenatal diagnosis during first and second trimester pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 185 fetuses who were diagnosed with increased nuchal translucency (NT≥2.5 mm) by ultrasound screening in Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital were enrolled, including 95 fetuses of first trimester prenatal diagnosis and 90 fetuses of second trimester prenatal diagnosis. Villi and amniotic fluid samples were extracted for performing karyotype analysis and CNV-seq. The correlation between the distribution of NT and chromosome abnormalities was compared by X² test and regression analysis. Results: Chromosome abnormalities were discovered in 48 fetuses (25.95%,48/185) with increased NT. The abnormality rate detected by karyotyping in first-trimester pregnancy group was significantly higher than that in second-trimester pregnancy group(31.58% vs 14.13%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate by CNV-seq between the two groups (31.58% vs 20.00%, P>0.05). In fetuses with 2.5<NT<4 mm, CNV-seq provided an additional detection yield of 4.85% compared to karyotyping(17.48% vs 12.62%, P<0.05). There was no significantly increased anomaly rate in NT≥4 group produced by CNV-seq compared karyotyping(36.59% vs 36.59%, P>0.05). Conclusion: Increased NT play an important role in predicting fetal chromosomal abnormalities. we recommend that the NT of 2.5~4 mm should be considered as a critical risk range of chromosome abnormality, and combinations of karyotyping and CNV-seq facilitate genetic diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies in prenatal diagnosis.

Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rate and subtype infection among 14 794 samples in Guangzhou, and to explore the association between HPV infection and ThinPrep Cytology Test (TCT). Furthermore, it evaluated the epidemiological features of HPV infection in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, provided epidemiological insights into HPV infection among men, and assessed the significance of combined HPV and TCT testing in cervical cancer screening for women and in devising vaccination strategies against HPV. Methods: Sample data from 14,794 individuals who underwent genotyping for 37 HPV subtypes at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between January 2023 and December 2023 were collected. Concurrent analysis of TCT screening results was conducted to statistically examine the HPV infection characteristics across different ages, genders and seasons, as well as the relationship between single HPV infection, multiple HPV infection and TCT results. Results: The overall HPV infection rate stood at 29.42%. The most prevalent HPV subtype infections were HPV52 (21.55%), HPV58 (10.00%), HPV16 (9.17%), HPV51 (8.37%), HPV39 (7.56%), HPV61 (7.34%), and HPV53 (7.01%). The infection rate was 29.03% among women and 43.25% among men. The HPV infection rate exhibited a close correlation with age distribution, with statistically significant variations noted in the overall infection rate, single infection rate, and multiple mixed infection rate across different age groups ( X²=144.641, 30.797; P<0.001). Seasonal variations in infection rates were also observed, with rates of 28.03% in spring, 28.58% in summer, 29.56% in autumn, and 32.26% in winter. Among single infections, the highest infection rate of high-risk subtypes occurred in summer (43.53%), while among multiple infections, the higher infection rate was noted in autumn (35.02%). The TCT groups were predominantly characterized by single infections. Significant differences were discernible between single infections and multiple infections within each TCT group ( X²=90.497, P<0.001). Notably, TCT results also varied significantly among different age groups ( X²=32.871, P<0.001). Conclusion: The present study illuminated the epidemiological profile of HPV infection in the Guangzhou area, with an overall infection rate of 29.42%. HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16 emerged as the most frequent types. The overall HPV infection rate among men (43.25%) surpassed that among women (29.03%). The HPV infection rate showed a strong correlation with age distribution and was higher in summer and autumn compared to spring and winter. Additionally, this study identified significant differences in HPV infection rates among TCT groups and TCT results across different age groups, furnishing a scientific rationale for early HPV screening and presenting novel perspectives on cervical cancer prevention and treatment. In summary, this study contributes vital epidemiology data on HPV infection in Guangzhou, providing a scientific foundation for the formulation of targeted HPV prevention and control strategies and enhancement of cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment. It underscores the crucial role of male HPV infection in HPV prevention and control efforts.

Objective: To construct a strong inducible expression system based on T7-like RNA polymerase MmP1 in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to achieve efficient expression of the target protein. Methods: Constructing different inducible expression systems in EcN for “dose-response” characterization to screen out the best-performing induced system with low leakage and high induction expression level. Optimizing the expression output and dynamic range of the T7-like system by integrating the T7-like RNA polymerase (MmP1) expression on the chromosome of EcN, namely strain LM01, thereby constructing promoter mutation library of P_MmP1 for tunable induced expression output. T7-like induced system based on MmP1 was used to control the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of high yield, giving strong evidence for protein expression of T7-like system in EcN. Results: Several inducible systems were successfully constructed and characterized in EcN. Of which, the T7-like induction system based on MmP1 RNA polymerase displayed the best-performing saturated induction output with maximum dynamic range reaching up to 909-fold. After the MmP1 polymerase expression module was integrated into the genome of EcN, the saturated induction level was increased by 66.8%. The construction of P_MmP1 promoter library provides a wide range of inducible expression output (dynamic range), spanning 65 to 1 097 fold. The T7-like (MmP1) system demonstrated the highest soluble SOD protein production yield of 435.7 mg/L, which was 4.02-fold higher than vanillic acid induction system. In addition, the maximum enzymatic activity of SOD achieves 391.3 U/mL. Conclusion: T7-like (MmP1) induction system can be successfully constructed in EcN with high saturated expression level, low basal leakiness, as well as controllable dynamic range of tunable gene expression control for efficient protein synthesis in the coming future.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75%~85% of primary liver cancers. Due to its rapid progression, high invasiveness, and lack of effective therapeutic targets, HCC has an extremely poor prognosis. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, not only sustains the malignant phenotype of HCC cells by enhancing aerobic glycolysis but also promotes HCC progression through non-glycolytic pathways, such as inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Currently, various PKM2-targeting agents (including natural products, nucleotide-based drugs, etc.) have demonstrated promising anti-HCC effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Although PKM2 presents excellent translational value as a therapeutic target for HCC in preclinical research, no PKM2-related clinical trials for HCC have been initiated to date. Worldwide, only 10 clinical trials directly related to PKM2 exist, most of which are either recruiting or terminated. This status is incongruent with the significant therapeutic potential demonstrated for PKM2 in basic research. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress on PKM2 in HCC, preliminarily explores the potential reasons for the discrepancy between basic and clinical findings regarding PKM2 in HCC, and aims to provide new research perspectives for the targeted intervention in HCC.

Objective: Network pharmacology, molecular docking and animal experiments were used to explore the mechanism of action of Wenyang Jiedu Granules on acute lung injury associated with influenza A virus infection. Methods: The active ingredients of Wenyang Jiedu Granules were collected based on the herbal medicine group review (HERB) database, and their ingredient targets were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction database. Influenza A virus infection disease targets were retrieved using the GeneCards, DisGennet, Pharmgkb, and CTD databases to locate intersection targets. The STRING platform was used to draw the PPI network diagram, and the CytoScape 3.9.1 software was used to construct the TCM-ingredient-target network, and gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed. The AutoDockTools1.5.7 software was used for molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism, and the influenza A virus-infected mouse model was used for drug effectiveness and mechanism verification. Results: The core active ingredients of Wenyang Jiedu Granules in the treatment of acute lung injury are Tangeretin, Magnococline, Sexangularetin, Retusin, Nomilin, etc, and the core targets are JUN and TP53., SRC, STAT3, EGFR and PIK3CA, etc. GO analysis mainly involved biological processes such as phosphorylation, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, while KEGG analysis mainly involves signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the key components had good binding activity with the core targets. The animal experimental results of this study showed that Wenyang Jiedu Granules can alleviate the pathological damage of mouse lung tissue caused by influenza A virus infection and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors(IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ) in lung tissue. Western blot results showed that Wenyang Jiedu Granules could inhibit the expression of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins. Conclusion: Wenyang Jiedu Granules may inhibit PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway through ingredients such as nocturine and nomiline in the treatment of influenza A virus infection-related acute lung injury.

Objective: This study aimed to identify and optimize the active components of Lingguizhugan Decoction (LGZGD) for treating heart failure (HF) using network pharmacology and algorithmic models, and to explore their underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Pathogenic genes related to HF were retrieved from the DisGeNet database to construct a weighted gene interaction network. Chemical constituents of LGZGD were obtained from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and active compounds were screened based on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties and literature evidence. The prediction of compound targets and the construction of the component-target network were both conducted based on the SwissTargetPrediction platform. A node importance evaluation model and cumulative contribution rate algorithm were applied to identify effector space proteins, leading to the selection of a core functional component group. To experimentally validate the findings, an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial cell injury model was used to evaluate seven core components. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure mRNA expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), while Western blot was conducted to verify pathway-related proteins. Results: From an initial pool of 662 compounds, 303 active components were identified. Network analysis identified 233 effector space proteins and a core functional component group. These core components exerted therapeutic effects by modulating key signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and cAMP. Among them, benzyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, and hydrocinnamic acid significantly suppressed ANP and BNP mRNA levels in injured cardiomyocytes, downregulated PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, and activated the cAMP pathway. Conclusion: The optimized network pharmacology model successfully identified core components of LGZGD for HF treatment. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of LGZGD were mediated through coordinated modulation of multiple signaling pathways, offering valuable insight into the mechanistic basis of traditional Chinese medicine and supporting the optimization of its formulations.

Objective: To screen the compounds with high inhibitory potency on influenza virus from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) extracts. Methods: Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory activity assay was used to screen 148 TCM extracts, among which Curcuma longa L. extract displayed the best NA inhibitory activity. The bioactive compounds were isolated from the extract of Curcuma longa L. using at-line nanofractionation(ANF). The structures of these compounds were analyzed using mass spectrometry and their interactions toward NA were examined through molecular docking. Results: NA inhibitory rate of the extract from Curcuma longa L. was found to be 92%. A total of eight bioactive compounds, mainly curcumin analogues, were identified from Curcuma longa L. extract, indicating curcuminoids play a significant role for NA inhibition. Curcuminoids have a different mechanism of action compared to oseltamivir. Conclusion: ANF technology can play an important role in the screening of neuraminidase inhibitors. This finding not only provides a scientific basis for the potential clinical use of Curcuma longa L. against the influenza virus but also establishes a foundation for the development of novel influenza antivirus drugs.

Objective: To elucidate the effect of targeting acidic nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein 1 (And-1) on the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to the PARP inhibitor niraparib and explore its potential underlying mechanism. Methods: First, And-1 expression were analyzed in ovarian cancer tissues using data from the GEO and TCGA databases, and its impact on patient survival outcomes were examined. Next, ovarian cancer cell lines with stable And-1 knockdown were generated via shRNA technology, and cell proliferation was assessed using growth curves. Cellular sensitivity to niraparib was then measured with CCK-8 assay and further validated through colony formation assays. Additionally, Western blot was performed to assess the expression of the apoptosis-related protein cleaved PARP1 following niraparib treatment, and flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis rates. Results: And-1 expression was significantly elevated in ovarian cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, and higher And-1 levels were significantly associated with worse prognosis (HR>1,P<0.05). In cell-based experiments, And-1 depletion in ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 led to a significant reduction in cell proliferation (P<0.05). Moreover, And-1 depletion markedly lowered the IC₅₀ value of niraparib (P<0.05), and colony formation assays confirmed increased sensitivity to niraparib (P<0.05). Additionally, Western blot analysis showed a marked upregulation of cleaved PARP1 (P<0.05), while flow cytometry revealed a substantial increase in apoptosis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Targeting And-1 enhanced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to niraparib, likely through the promotion of apoptosis.

Objective: Familial platelet disorder with a predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) genetic variant. This study aimed to explore the clinical phenotypic and RUNX1 genotypic characteristics of a pediatric patient with FPD/AML, who is a three-day-old male, providing evidences for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Methods: Clinical information of the patient was collected and analyzed. Peripheral blood DNA was extracted from the patient and his parents. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to explore the genetic causes. Minigene splice variant analysis was employed to study the aberrant transcript arising from novel splice-site variant. The pathogenicity was assessed according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Results: The patient was admitted due to thrombocytopenia uncovered for two days. Laboratory analysis revealed significant thrombocytopenia and dysplasia of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous RUNX1 variant c.509-2A>G, which was not previously reported in any official literatures. On minigene analysis, this variant resulted in the formation of an aberrant transcript r.509_515del (p.Gly170Alafs*3). The patient was clearly diagnosed with FPD/AML. Symptomatic and supportive therapeutics stabilized the platelet count, which remained below the lower limit. The long-term outcome needed to be followed-up. Conclusion: This study identified a novel RUNX1 splice-site variant c.509-2A>G and confirmed its pathogenic role in FPD/AML by using Minigene splicing assay. The findings expanded the RUNX1 variant spectrum and had reference value for the diagnosis and management of FPD/AML.

Objective: To isolate guaiane-type sesquiterpenes from leaves of Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot, providing scientific evidence for the development and utilization of sesquiterpene compounds found in Artemisia argyi leaves. Methods: Compounds were isolated using conventional open-column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by modern spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and their inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated by Griess reagent. Results: Ten guaiane-type sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified, comprising 2 unknown compounds (1-2) and eight known compounds (3-10). Compound 4 significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of (1.5±0.1) μmol/L. Conclusion: Notable anti-inflammatory activity has been identified in sesquiterpene compounds present in Artemisia argyi leaves. The identification of these novel sesquiterpenes enhances the chemical profile of Artemisia argyi leaves and offers strong scientific support for their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of severe sepsis in children, and to build the early warning model of nomogram. Methods: A total of 203 children with sepsis diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects. According to the severity of sepsis, the children were divided into severe sepsis group (n=55) and non-severe sepsis group (n=148), and the clinical data of the two groups were compared differently. The risk factors of severe sepsis in children were analyzed by univariate and binary Logistic regression, and a columbaric early warning model was constructed based on the analysis. The prediction efficiency of the model was analyzed, and the columbaric early warning model was internally verified by Bootstrap method (B=1 000). The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and clinical calibration chart were used for fit testing and calibration, and the clinical utility of the clinical decision curve analysis model was plotted. Results: Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in respiratory pattern, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and lactic acid (LA) levels between two groups (all P<0.05). Further binary Logistic regression analysis showed that NLR, CRP, PCT and LA were independent risk factors for severe sepsis in children (all P<0.05). The AUC of NLR, CRP, PCT, LA level and histogram warning models were 0.786, 0.766, 0.755, 0.833 and 0.962, respectively. When cut-off was taken, the respective sensitivity was 0.855, 0.600, 0.727, 0.782 and 0.891, respectively. The specificity was 0.642, 0.811, 0.716, 0.770 and 0.939, respectively. The internal consistency index (C-index) of the Bootstrap method is 0.924, indicating that the prediction of this model is relatively stable. Decision analysis indicates that this model has a positive net yield.Conclusion:NLR, CRP, PCT and LA are independent risk factors for severe sepsis in children. The nomogram early warning model based on risk factors has high predictive value.

Copper is an essential trace element in the human body, and an imbalance in its homeostasis can cause cellular damage, including but not limited to oxidative damage, inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, promotion of ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms of cuproptosis and shown that it is involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review focuses on the functions and regulation of copper death-related genes (CRGs) in NAFLD and HCC. The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit β (PDHB), ATPase copper transporting β (ATP7B), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) genes are crucial in the progression of NAFLD, while the lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1), metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1), and pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) genes are closely associated with the development of HCC. The dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), and ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) genes are related to both conditions. Therefore, cuproptosis provides new insights into the pathogenesis of NAFLD and HCC, which may aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the occurrence of vascular events in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: We collected clinical data from 189 end-stage renal disease patients receiving first and maintenance hemodialysis at the Blood Purification Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University between January 1, 2016 and October 31, 2021. Patients were followed up until October 31, 2022, with the occurrence of new cardiovascular events as the study endpoint. Based on the optimal PLR cutoff value of 133.0 determined by X-tile software, patients were categorized into low PLR (<133.0) and high PLR (≥133.0) groups. Baseline characteristics and clinical data correlations were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests evaluated the probability of cardiovascular events between groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models, including inverse probability weighting, identified risk factors for cardiovascular events. Results: Compared to the low PLR group, patients in the high PLR group had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), elevated blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and platelet count (P<0.05). PLR was positively correlated with CVD, CRP, and neutrophils (P<0.05). The log-rank test indicated a significant difference in cardiovascular event probability between the high and low PLR groups (log-rank=7.396, P=0.007). Multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for age, history of CVD, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, ALB, and CRP, showed that high PLR is an independent risk factor for CVD incident in MHD patients [HR (95%CI)=1.867 (1.023~3.410), P=0.042]. Univariate Cox regression analysis of the inverse probability-weighted population confirmed that patients in the high PLR group had a 1.9-fold higher risk of cardiovascular events compared to the low PLR group [HR (95%CI)=1.931 (1.033~3.606), P=0.039]. Conclusion: PLR is indicative of inflammatory status and serves as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in MHD patients. There may be a causal relationship between elevated PLR and the increased risk of cardiovascular events in MHD patients.

Objective: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive stage of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Currently, diagnosis primarily relies on liver biopsy, which is invasive and has issues with poor compliance. Therefore, the diagnosis of which relies on invasive liver biopsy, and there is an urgent need to develop non-invasive biomarkers to aid diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to screen key diagnostic genes for MASH by integrating machine learning algorithms and liver transcriptome data, and to investigate the regulatory mechanism and diagnostic value of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) in MASH. Methods: The liver transcriptome dataset of MAFLD patients was obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO), and the differential expression analysis differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Random forest, artificial neural network, Lasso regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination algorithm were used to screen key genes, construct a Neural-MASH diagnostic model, and evaluate the performance by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Subsequently, correlation analysis between candidate key genes and immune cell infiltration/clinical indicators was performed, along with functional enrichment analysis. Results: A total of 85 DEGs were selected, and functional enrichment showed that they were closely related to the p53 signaling pathway and extra cellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction. Through multi-algorithm cross-validation, SPP1, fc alpha and mu receptor (FCAMR) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) were identified as key genes, and the expression of SPP1 was up-regulated in MASH, and was positively correlated with M0 infiltration of B cells and macrophages and clinical indicators (all P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of the Neural-MASH model in the training set and the validation set were 1.000 and 0.811, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that SPP1 was mainly involved in biological processes such as extracellular matrix organization, cell migration regulation, lipid localization and IL-18 signaling pathway. Conclusion: SPP1 can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for MASH, and its interaction with the immune microenvironment may play a key regulatory role in disease progression. The Neural-MASH model constructed based on machine learning has high diagnostic performance and can provide a reference for non-invasive diagnosis of MASH.

Objective: To observe and evaluate the application of the medical consortium model in improving the quality of acute ischemic stroke treatment. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology at the Third People's Hospital of Shunde District of Foshan City, from 2016 to 2020 were selected. Patients admitted from July 2016 to December 2017 were classified as the pre-intervention group (before receiving assistance measures from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University via the “medical consortium model”). Patients admitted from January 2018 to June 2019 were classified as the early-intervention group (receiving initial assistance measures via the medical consortium model), and those admitted from July 2019 to December 2020 were classified as the mature-intervention group (receiving optimized assistance measures via the medical consortium model). The medical quality control indicators were compared among the three groups. Results: The proportion of patients undergoing neurological deficit assessment increased from 0.6% in the pre-intervention group to 90.3% in the mature-intervention group. The thrombolysis rate for ischemic stroke patients within 4.5 hours of onset rose from 45.5% in the early-intervention group to 75.9% in the mature-intervention group. The proportion of patients with a door-to-needle time (DNT) ≤60 minutes increased from 45% in the early-intervention group to 95.2% in the mature-intervention group, while the proportion with DNT ≤45 minutes rose from 5% to 85.7%, and DNT ≤30 minutes increased from 5% to 55.6%. All differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The rates of dual antiplatelet therapy within 24 hours for non-disabling ischemic stroke were 20.5% (23/112), 57.6% (68/118), and 77.1% (111/144) in the three groups, respectively. The screening rates for swallowing function in ischemic stroke patients were 0.0% (0/159), 31.2% (54/173), and 73.8% (183/248), respectively. The rehabilitation assessment rates were 12.0% (19/159), 16.8% (29/173), and 37.1% (92/248), respectively. All intergroup differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The medical consortium model significantly improves the level of standardized diagnosis and treatment, as well as the medical quality, for acute ischemic stroke in primary hospitals.

Objective: To explore the potential targets and mechanism of procyanidin B2 (PB2) against prostate cancer (Pca) based on network pharmacology. Methods: The core targets of PB2 against Pca were predicted by network pharmacology, and the biological processes and key signaling pathways were enriched and analyzed. CCK-8 method was used to detect the anti-Pca activity of PB2 in vitro. The anti-Pca effect of PB2 was characterized by colony formation and scratch test. The core targets and key signaling pathways predicted by network pharmacology were verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: A total of 30 intersection targets of PB2 and Pca were screened based on network pharmacology. Among them, janus kinase 2 (JAK2), albumin (ALB), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) were the key targets of PB2 in the treatment of Pca. MAPK-JAK2/STAT3 is the key pathway. The results of in vitro experiments showed that PB2 could significantly inhibit the proliferation, colony formation and migration of human prostate cancer cells (LNCAP cells). PB2 also significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of core targets ALB, MMP9, PIK3R1 and JAK2 and inhibited the activation of MAPK-JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Conclusion: PB2 may treat prostate cancer through multi-target and multi-pathway synergy; pB2 can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of LNCAP cells, down-regulate the mRNA expression of core targets and inhibit the activation of key signaling pathways, thereby exerting an anti-Pca effect.

Objective: To explore the intervention effects of open-kinetic chain and closed-kinetic chain exercises on patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Methods: A total of 46 patients with patellofemoral pain were randomly divided into the open-kinetic chain group and the closed-kinetic chain group, with 23 cases in each group. The open-kinetic chain group received open-kinetic chain action movement of the hip and knee joint muscle groups, while the closed-kinetic chain group received corresponding closed-kinetic chain action movement. Before and after the training, both groups of patients underwent visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, kujala patellofemoral scale (KPS) for knee joint function, and Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK) assessments, and the hip and knee joint angles and muscle activation ratios during the step-down test were measured. Results: After 6 weeks of training, both groups showed significant improvements in VAS, TSK, and KPS scores (P<0.05). The VAS and TSK scores of the closed-kinetic chain group were lower than those of the open-kinetic chain group (P<0.05), and the KPS score was significantly higher than that of the open-kinetic chain group (P<0.05). The knee flexion angle, vastus lateralis activation degree, and the ratio of vastus medialis to vastus lateralis activation time in the open-kinetic chain group increased (P<0.05), while the ratio of vastus medialis to vastus lateralis activation degree decreased (P<0.05). In the closed-kinetic chain group, the hip flexion angle and gluteus maximus activation degree increased (P<0.05), and the knee valgus angle decreased (P<0.05).KPS scores. The open-chain group experienced significant increases in knee flexion angle, activation of the vastus lateralis, and the activation time ratio of the vastus medialis/vastus lateralis, while the activation ratio of the vastus medialis/vastus lateralis significantly decreased. The closed-chain group showed significant improvements in hip flexion angle, knee varus angle, and gluteus maximus activation. Conclusion: Both open-kinetic chain and closed-kinetic chain exercises are beneficial for alleviating pain, reducing the degree of movement fear, and improving knee joint function in PFP patients. However, from the perspectives of self-assessment scales and biomechanics, closed-kinetic chain exercises have better short-term intervention effects on PFP patients.

Objective: To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: The data for this study came from the ICU Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. The clinical outcome is hospitalized mortality. The relationship between TyG index and hospitalized mortality was analyzed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) model, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between different TyG groups and in-hospital all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 501 patients were included in the study, including 170 in the low TyG group (TyG<8.80), 167 in the medium TyG group (8.80≤TyG<9.35), and 164 in the high TyG group (TyG≥9.35). With the middle TyG group as the reference group, in univariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of the low TyG group was 1.84(95%CI: 0.68~4.98, P=0.229), the HR of the high TyG group was 3.02(95%CI: 1.19~7.65, P=0.02); in Model Ⅰ with adjusted variables, the HR of the low TyG group was 1.91(95%CI: 0.70~5.23, P=0.209), the HR of the high TyG group was 3.68 (95%CI: 1.44~9.42, P=0.007); in further adjusted Model Ⅱ, the HR of the low TyG group was 4.47(95%CI: 2.17~9.21, P<0.001), the HR of the high TyG group was 2.00(95%CI: 1.01~3.94, P=0.045). Conclusion: The research results indicate that TyG index, as a simple and easily accessible laboratory parameter, has important value in evaluating the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A higher TyG index is significantly correlated with an increase in in-hospital mortality.

Objective: To study the protective effect of CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) on CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis and its mechanism. Methods: 24 C57 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group has 6 mice, including blank group, CCl₄ model group, CDDO-Im+CCl₄ group and CDDO-Im control group. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in different groups were observed and analyzed. The liver tissues were examined using HE staining, Sirius red staining, Masson staining, alpha smooth muscle movement protein(α-SMA) immunohistochemistry; hydroxyproline (HYP) content was measured along with liver malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and liver glutathione (GSH). mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TGF-β were analyzed by reverse transcriptional quantitative PCR. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the associated proteins heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in liver tissues of different groups was detected and analyzed by Western blot assay. Results: Compared with the CCl₄ model group, the serum ALT and AST levels significantly decreased in the CDDO-Im+CCl₄ group (P<0.05), while HYP content and MDA levels in liver tissue significantly decreased (P<0.05), accompanied by an increase in GSH content (P<0.05). Molecular and cellular changes revealed that treatment with CDDO-Im reduced IL-6 and TGF-β mRNA expression while increasing Nrf2 expression level along with its related proteins' expressions(P<0.05), thereby alleviating hepatocyte inflammation induced by CC1₄ exposure while reducing collagen fiber deposition.The degree of liver cell degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis was also reduced. Conclusion: CDDO-imidazolide improves CC1₄-induced liver fibrosis, and this improvement may be attributed to activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age, with its pathogenesis remaining largely unclear and manifesting in a wide array of clinical presentations across the population. Current research has established a significant correlation between PCOS and abnormalities in hormone secretion, follicular development, as well as chronic inflammatory stimulation of ovarian tissue. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), particularly IGF-1, is a natural growth hormone that exhibits a high degree of amino acid sequence homology to insulin. This homology allows IGF-1 to bind to either the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) or the insulin receptor, thereby initiating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR. These activated pathways influence the secretion of various crucial hormones, including insulin, androgen, and growth hormone.Furthermore, IGF-1 promotes cellular glucose uptake by cells, facilitates the conversion of glucose into glycogen, and regulates lipid and amino acid metabolism, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in PCOS patients. Furthermore, the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R stimulates the growth of follicular granulosa cells while effectively inhibiting their apoptosis. IGF-1 is also closely associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and microenvironmental inflammatory factors in tissues. By maintaining an appropriatelevel of IGF-1, it is possible to ameliorate the chronic inflammatory state observed in PCOS patients’ tissues. This review focuses on elucidating the various potential modes of action and molecular mechanisms of IGF-1 and its receptor in the pathogenesis and progression of PCOS. By providing insights into these complexities, the review aims to offer valuable guidance for future research and clinical treatment of PCOS.

Objective: To develop and validate a ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) model for predicting treatment response in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Methods: Multi-omics data from LUAD and adjacent normal tissues were integrated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and FRGs. A risk model was constructed utilizing optimized strategy of Cox-LASSO regression analyses. The performance of this model was validated through independent GEO datasets and experimental verification employing quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). LUAD patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk cohorts through risk score, with subsequent comparison of inter-group variations in biological processes, immunophenotypic profiles, therapeutic responsiveness and clinical outcomes. In silico analysis was performed to identify potential therapeutic targets for high-risk patients. Results: A five-gene risk model (SLC2A1, TIMP1, CAV1, PECAM1 and COL5A1) was established and validated. High-risk patients exhibited altered expression of these genes (SLC2A1, TIMP1 and COL5A1 upregulated; CAV1 and PECAM1 downregulated), impaired anti-tumor immunity, and reduced response to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to poorer prognosis. Analysis suggested HDAC1/2 as a potential therapeutic target to overcome treatment resistance in high-risk group. Conclusion: The FRGs-related model (SLC2A1, TIMP1, COL5A1, CAV1 and PECAM1) effectively predicts therapeutic sensitivity in LUAD patients, while unveiling the resistance to standard therapeutic regimens and the clinical translational potential of targeting HDAC1/2 in high-risk LUAD patients.

Objective: To investigate the changes of oral microbiota composition in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Methods: A total of 25 MHD patients (MHD group) and 16 healthy controls (HC group) were included in this study. The dorsal tongue flora were collected and sequenced respectively, and the diversity and species difference of oral microbiota in the two groups were compared. Results: Patients in the MHD group exhibited significantly poorer periodontal health status and markedly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to the HC group (P<0.001). There is no significant difference in oral microbiota diversity between the two groups, while there is a notable difference in the composition of the oral microbiota. Notably, Aggregatibacter and Streptococcus were significantly enriched in the MHD group and demonstrated positive correlations with renal function indicators such as eGFR and serum creatinine (Scr), while seven genera including Prevotella and Parvimonas were substantially reduced (P<0.05). Furthermore, functional gene prediction revealed significant alterations in 16 signaling pathways in MHD patients, with lipid metabolism being particularly prominent among these dysregulated pathways. Conclusion: There were significant difference in the composition of oral microbiota between the two groups, and dysbiosis of the oral microbiota may be closely associated with the development of chronic kidney disease.

Objective: To analyze the relationship among the RNA expression levels of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells/regulatory T cells (Tregs) balance and disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Methods: A total of 108 children with RSV bronchiolitis were selected as the RSV infection group, and divided into the mild group (n=45), the moderate group (n=40) and the severe group (n=23) according to the severity. At the same time, 105 healthy children were selected as the normal control group. The mRNA expression levels of IFITM3 and TLR4 mRNA expression level, Th17 cell count, Tregs cell count and Th17/Tregs ratio in peripheral blood were compared between the RSV infection group and the normal control group. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between above-mentioned indicators and Th17/Tregs balance. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between above-mentioned indicators and disease severity. The value of above indicators in evaluating disease severity was analyzed. Results: The mRNA expression levels of IFITM3 and TLR4, Th17 cell count and Th17/Tregs ratio in peripheral blood of the RSV infection group were significantly higher, and the level of Tregs in the RSV infection group was lower compared to the normal control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of IFITM3 and TLR4 was positively correlated with Th17/Tregs ratio (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of IFITM3 and TLR4 and Th17/Tregs ratio in peripheral blood increased in order from the mild group (P<0.001), the moderate group to the severe group (P<0.001). The mRNA expression levels of IFITM3 and TLR4 were positively correlated with disease severity (r=0.505, 0.517, P<0.05). Receptor operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) and sensitivity of combined evaluation with the three were 0.927 and 91.3%, higher than those of single prediction (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mRNA expression levels of IFITM3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood of children with RSV infection induced bronchiolitis are significantly elevated, and there exists Th17/Tregs imbalance. The mRNA expression levels of IFITM3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood can reflect Th17/Tregs balance and the severity of the disease to some extent.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to monitor and analyze the sleep rhythm characteristics and their consequential impacts on training performance, to provide scientific sleep guidance for athletes and improve training efficiency. Methods: Sleep and training data of 23 athletes from the Jiangsu Provincial Fencing Team from April to September 2023 were collected by HUAWEI band 6. We used night sleep duration, the adjusted mid-point of sleep on free days (MSFSc) and social jet lag (SJL) to assess the objective sleep characteristics of athletes. The classification of chronotypes was determined by the pivotal metric MSFSc, categorizing individuals into early type (<3:00 AM), intermediate type (3:00-5:00 AM), and late type (>5:00 AM). SJL is a measure of circadian rhythm disruption. We used the mean heart rate, maximum heart rate and training impulse (TRIMP) during training to evaluate the athlete's training. Results: 2 459 days of sleep data and 1 798 days of training data were collected. In 2 459 days of sleep monitoring, 57.2% of the days showed less than 8 hours of night sleep duration. The MSFSc of the athletes was (4:52±1:30), with approximately 60.87% categorized as intermediate types and 39.13% as late types; no early types were identified. SJL was (1.50±1.08) hours, with 65.22% of athletes experiencing more than 1 hour of SJL. SJL was strongly correlated with MSFSc(r=0.845,P<0.001). The mean heart rate, maximum heart rate and TRIMP of late types during training were lower than intermediate types; The mean heart rate and maximum heart rate of the athletes with higher SJL were also lower than those with lower SJL. Conclusion: Athletes generally experience sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disorders, which are influenced by chronotype. Disrupted sleep rhythms can diminish athletes' capacity to endure exercise loads, highlighting the importance of optimizing sleep management strategies in athletic training programs.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), particularly perinuclear ANCA (pANCA), in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through a cross-sectional study. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 SLE patients treated at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (January 2013-January 2023). Disease activity was assessed using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). ANCA seropositivity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with pANCA-positive (n=64) and pANCA-negative (n=42) groups defined based on ANCA test results.Statistical methods, including independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests, were used to compare various indicators between SLE patients with positive and negative pANCA, supplemented by a review of relevant literature. Results: ① A total of 106 SLE patients were enrolled, including 78 females and 28 males, with a mean age of (47.43±17.53) years. Among them, 65 patients (61.3%) tested positive for ANCA, of whom 64 were pANCA-positive and 1 was cytoplasmic ANCA (cANCA)-positive. ②Compared with the pANCA-negative group, the pANCA-positive group exhibited significantly higher seropositivity rates (P<0.05) for multiple autoantibodies, including anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, anti-histone antibody (AHA), anti-nucleosome antibody (AnuA), and anti-Smith D1 (SmD1) antibody. ③The pANCA-positive group demonstrated significantly higher ANA titers (P=0.030) and a higher prevalence of lupus nephritis (LN) (P<0.001) than the pANCA-negative group. ④However, among LN patients, no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between pANCA-negative and pANCA-positive subgroups in white blood cell count, inflammatory markers, immunoglobulin levels, 24-hour urinary protein quantification (24h UTP), or SLEDAI scores. Conclusion: pANCA seropositivity in SLE patients demonstrates significant associations with autoantibody profiles and LN incidence, suggesting its potential clinical relevance for disease characterization and therapeutic decision-making.

Objective: To understand the research ability and training needs of clinical medical staff in a grade A tertiary maternal and child health institutions, and to improve the scientific research management process and the quality of scientific research services. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the scientific research ability and needs of clinical medical staffs in Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao University. The survey content included basic information, research status, self-examination of scientific research ability and research needs. Nonparametric test and ordered multiple Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the factors and demands affecting the scientific research ability of medical staff. Results: The median score of scientific research ability of 509 medical staff was 75.00 (54.50~90.00) points, 84.68% in the lower middle level. Time shortage and lack of methodological knowledge are the main obstacles to clinical research. The education level, the understanding of professional knowledge, the use of Literature databases, and the experience of publishing papers have significant effects on the self-evaluation of scientific research ability. Research topic selection training, research design training and data analysis training are the most urgent training needs for clinical medical staffs. Conclusion: The scientific research ability of medical staff is affected by many factors and needed to be improved. There is a strong demand for scientific research training. Managers should create a favorable research environment, reduce the burden of researchers, organize professional consulting teams, and carry out hierarchical training programs, to improve the overall scientific research literacy of medical staff and promote the high-quality development of hospitals.

Objective: To compare the micro-characteristics and HPLC fingerprints of Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis and its adulterants, clarify their differences, and provide a basis for the identification and differentiation of them. Methods: A total of 13 batches of Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis and 9 batches of its adulterants, including Clematis armandii Caulis and Clematidis grandidentatae Caulis. Among them, 19 batches were wild harvested from the original habitats and processed according to relevant standards, while 3 batches were purchased from the herbal medicine market. Stem cross-sections were then prepared. Their microscopic characteristics were observed and recorded, and comparative analysis was conducted using chemometric methods. Results: For the first time, the angle of the xylem bundle was proposed as a parameter for studying the micro-characteristics of transverse section of vine-stem medicinal materials. The results showed that the depth of longitudinal ridges on the surface of stems, the number of primary rays, and the arrangement of vessel pores had relatively specific characteristics. The angle ratio between two adjacent xylem bundles of different sizes showed regularity, which could be used for variety identification and differentiation. Caffeic acid and chicoric acid were found in Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis for the first time. Using chicoric acid as the index component and reference peak, an HPLC fingerprint of Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis with 13 common peaks was established. Comparison with the fingerprints of adulterants identified 9 common peaks. Through similarity evaluation and chemometric methods, the differences in fingerprints between Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis and its adulterants were clarified, enabling accurate identification and differentiation. Conclusion: This study summarizes the micro-characteristics of Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis and highlights the differences in HPLC fingerprints between Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis and its adulterants. It provides a scientific basis for the accurate identification of Clematidis argentilucidae Caulis.

Objective: To investigate the adverse effect of chemotherapy and immunotherapy on hematopoietic stem/progenitor (Lin^-Sca-1⁺c-kit⁺, LSK) cells and mature blood cells in the blood system, and further explore whether this effect is exacerbated during chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. Methods: Based on their distinct surface markers, LSK cells are classified into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells 1, 2, and 3 (MPP1, MPP2, MPP3). (1) Flow cytometry analysis of the proportion of LSK in the bone marrow of wild-type mice treated with chemotherapy drug carboplatin; (2) Construct a melanoma tumor bearing mouse model, with a control group (injected with PBS) and experimental groups (carboplatin group: injected with carboplatin/trilacilib; PD-1 antibody group: injected with PD-1 antibody; combined treatment group: injected with carboplatin/Trilacilib and PD-1 antibody). Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of LSK in the bone marrow; (3) The automated hematology analyzer and flow cytometry were used to detect the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the peripheral blood of mice, as well as the proportion of B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells. The number of LSK cells in the spleen and the proportion and number of cells at different stages of erythroid differentiation in the bone marrow were also measured. Results: (1)Carboplatin treatment significantly reduced the proportion of LSK cells in mouse bone marrow (P<0.05) and significantly increased the proportion of peripheral blood B cells (P<0.05); (2) PD-1 antibody treatment resulted in significant increase in the proportion of peripheral blood T cells (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in the proportion of peripheral blood myeloid cells (P<0.05). Combined treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the number of peripheral blood white blood cells (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in the proportion of peripheral blood myeloid cells (P<0.05). PD-1 antibody treatment and combined treatment resulted in significant increase in the proportion and number of LSK cells in the spleen (P<0.05); (3) In the carboplatin group, the number of LSK cells in mice was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the number of HSCs was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the number of MPP1 cells was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the number of MPP2 cells was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the number of MPP3 cells was significantly reduced (P<0.05). In the combined treatment group, there was no significant difference in the number of LSK cells in mice (P>0.05), the number of MPP1 cells was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the number of MPP2 cells was significantly increased (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the number of MPP3 cells (P>0.05); (4) The combined treatment reduced the number of mature red blood cells (P<0.05) and significant increased the number of upstream red blood cells (P<0.01). Conclusion: Carboplatin treatment inhibits the number of bone marrow LSK cells of wild type mice; For tumor bearing mice, PD-1 antibody treatment increases the proportion of peripheral blood T cells; The combination therapy of carboplatin and PD-1 antibody did not significantly increase the inhibition of carboplatin on the number of LSK cells in the bone marrow. Combined treatment significantly inhibits the number of peripheral blood myeloid cells and white blood cells, promotes extramedullary hematopoiesis, suppresses the number of mature red blood cells in the bone marrow, and promotes significant increase in the number of upstream cells.

Objective: To observe and evaluate the level and clinical significance of serum interleukin-38 (IL-38) in primary sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Methods: A total of 53 pSS patients were selected as case group, and 30 healthy persons were selected as control group. Collect their clinical data and measure the IL-38, Pyrin and caspase recruitment domain containing (PYCARD), and IL-6 level. The two-independent-samplest-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare the levels of IL-38 and others. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to evaluate the correlations of IL-38 and pSS, and Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the independent risk factors of pSS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of IL-38. Results: ① The serum IL-38 level in pSS patients was significantly lower than healthy control (HC) group (P<0.000 1), and the level in the disease-active group was lower than disease-stable group and the HC group (P<0.000 1);PYCARD level in pSS patients was higher than HC group(P<0.000 1), and the PYCARD level in the disease-active group was higher than disease-stable group and the HC group. The IL-38 level in pSS with interstitial lung disease (ILD) was lower than that without ILD (P<0.05), while the PYCARD level was higher than without ILD group (P<0.001). The serum IL-38 concentrations in the anti-SSA antibody-positive group and anti-SSB antibody-positive group were both lower than those in the negative groups (P<0.05), while PYCARD was higher in the antibody-positive groups than in the antibody-negative groups (P<0.01). ② IL-38 was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), immunoglobulin G (IgG), rheumatoid factor (RF), European league against rheumatism sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) score, and IL-6 (P<0.05). PYCARD was positively correlated with CRP, ESR, RF, ESSDAI score, and IL-6 (P<0.05). ③ There was a negative correlation between IL-38 and PYCARD (P=0.000 1). The results of univariate Logistic regression showed that serum IL-38 was a protective factor for the occurrence of pSS (P<0.001). The ROC showed that the sensitivity of serum IL-38 in predicting pSS was 86.70%, the specificity was 79.20%, and the AUC was 0.89. The sensitivity of the combination of IL-38 and PYCARD in diagnosing pSS was 81.10%, the specificity was 83.30%, and the AUC was 0.90. Conclusion: IL-38 is abnormal in pSS and is associated with clinical indicators and inflammatory factors such as IL- 6 and PYCARD, which has certain predictive value for pSS. Therefore, IL- 38 has potential clinical significance in pSS and is expected to become a new serological marker.

Objective: To establish an individualized model using conventional laboratory indicators combined with tumor markers, leading to the development of a new method for screening and auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer metastasis. Methods: Clinical data of 218 patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from 2013 to 2023 were screened and randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. Based on the training set, LASSO regression and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent predictors of lung cancer metastasis, and a nomogram model was constructed. The consistency index(C-index), Area Under the Curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, predictive and clinical utility of the model. Results: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, P<0.001), neuron-specific enolase (NSE, P=0.006), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1, P=0.025), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P=0.002), total protein (TP,P=0.006), lymphocyte (LYM, P=0.006), fibrinogen (FIB,P=0.027) were independent predictors of lung cancer metastasis. The C-index of training set and validation set were 0.900 and 0.831, respectively. Calibration and DCA curves showed good predictive performance of the model. Conclusion: CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1, ALT, TP, LYM and FIB are independent predictors of lung cancer metastasis. The individualized nomogram model for lung cancer metastasis using conventional laboratory indicators combined with tumor markers has good clinical prediction performance and application potential.

Objective: To investigate the expression and potential functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in hypoxia-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), aiming to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: HRMECs were isolated and cultured, and a hypoxic cell model of ROP was established. Differential expression profiles of circRNAs were analyzed using whole-transcriptome sequencing. Eight differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were selected and validated via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to explore potential biological functions. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using bioinformatics tools. Results: A total of 1,714 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were differentially expressed between normoxic and hypoxia-induced HRMECs, including 899 upregulated and 815 downregulated circRNAs (q<0.05, fold change >2). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were primarily enriched in biological processes such as positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that these DE-circRNAs were mainly involved in tumor-related signaling pathways and the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network analysis suggested that hsa_circ_0140253 may play a potential regulatory role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) through the hsa-miR-210-3p/ERFE and hsa-miR-210-3p/PPARGC1A axes. Conclusion: This study reveals the differential expression profile of circRNAs in the hypoxia-induced HRMEC model and suggests that hsa_circ_0140253 may participate in the development of ROP via a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism.

Objective: Three primary culture methods for dental follicle stem cells' production efficiency and biological characteristics were compared. Methods: Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) were isolated using enzymatic digestion (Ed), tissue explant (Te), and hybrid methods(Td). The economic cost, time cost, primary DFSC yield, and biological characteristics were compared among the three groups. Results: Regarding production efficiency, Td demonstrated superior primary cell yield and cost-effectiveness but required longer operational time. Te method was simpler but yielded fewer primary cells. No significant differences were observed in surface markers, migration rates, or multidifferentiation potential among the groups (P>0.05). However, Td group exhibited significantly stronger proliferative capacity compared to Te and Ed (P<0.05), with Ed showing the weakest proliferation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Td is best for large-scale research like cell therapy and tissue engineering due to its high yield. Te is simple and preserves cell viability, making it suitable for small-scale experiments. Ed is used when moderate cell quantities are needed and cell quality standards are not strict. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for optimizing the culture method of DFSC.

Objective: To examine the impact of exclusive and concurrent use of tobacco and e-cigarettes (dual use) on long-term illness, short-term illness, and mental distress compared to conventional cigarette smoking. Methods: Participants were 851 urban residents, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process that included seven administrative districts of Guangzhou, China. E-cigarette use and conventional cigarette smoking was measured by the suggested questions from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Short-term and long-term illness was evaluated by community short self-reported items. Mental distress were measured using a 12-item Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (CHQ) with a cut-off score of >3 to measure elevated sever mental distress. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression model were used to examine the relationships between dependent and independent variables. Results: The rates of exclusive and dual e-cigarette use were 2.00% and 12.34%, respectively. Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that, compared to those who had never used e-cigarettes or conventional cigarettes, dual users had a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing short-term illness (OR=5.49, 95% CI: 3.36~8.96) and long-term illness (OR=4.58, 95% CI: 2.76~7.61). These odd ratios were greater than those for exclusive conventional cigarette smokers (short-term illness: OR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.47~4.01; long-term illness: OR=2.81, 95% CI: 1.71~4.63). Mental distress was strongly associated with dual use (OR=3.42, 95% CI: 2.16~5.40) and exclusive e-cigarette use (OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.04~7.65). Compared to conventional cigarette smokers, dual users were more likely to experience short-term illness (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.18~4.00) and mental distress (OR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.26~4.33). No significant difference was found for long-term illness (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 0.81~2.91). Conclusion: Dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is associated with a higher likelihood of short-term illness and mental distress compared to exclusive use of either product. Tobacco control policies and smoking cessation programs should address the concurrent use of both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

Objective: Prepare a sulfhydrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with Interleukin-13 (IL-13) to regulate the inflammatory and proliferative phases during wound repair by mediating macrophage polarization. Methods: Thiolated hyaluronic acid hydrogel (HA-SH) was prepared with Sulfhydryl-modified hyaluronic acid (HA) and the gel was characterized for its injectability, mechanical properties, adhesion and water absorption. IL-13/HA-SH hydrogels were prepared by adding IL-13, and the ability of IL-13/HA-SH hydrogels to mediate macrophage polarization was investigated. Results: Physicochemical characterization showed that 6% HA-SH had the best performance, short gel formation time, uniform and tight pore distribution, good mechanical properties and water absorption capacity. IL-13/HA-SH hydrogel had the highest M2∶M1 ratio of cultured macrophage, promoted the secretion of inflammation-suppressing factors IL-10 and TGF-β, and up-regulated the secretion of Arg-1 and TGF-β, while decreasing the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, and down-regulating the gene expression levels of TNF-α and CD80. Conclusion: IL-13/HA-SH hydrogel can mediate macrophage polarization to M2 type and reduce inflammatory response, which has a good prospect for application in the field of wound dressing.

Objective: Bronchial asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with complicated pathological mechanism. Dihydro-carvacrol is a compound extracted from Artemisia argyi essential oil, which has potential anti-inflammatory effect, but its exact molecular target is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of Dihydrocarvonol in bronchial asthma, and to clarify its potential mechanism and key molecular targets. Methods: CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of Dihydrocarvonol on the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) and macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). Griess method was used to detect the elative expression of NO in RAW264.7 cells, a macrophage (Raw 264.7 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and RT-qPCR was used to detect the effect of dihydrocarvacrol on tumor necrosis factor-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) mRNA expression levels; The targets of dihydrocarvonol against bronchial asthma were screened by network pharmacological analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The binding stability of Dihydrocarvacrol to target protein was evaluated by drug affinity reaction experiment, and the effects of different concentrations of dihydrocarvacrol on the expression of target protein in BEAS-2B cells induced by LPS were explored by western blot. Results: A number of key targets that may be involved in the inflammatory regulation of bronchial asthma were screened by network pharmacological analysis, among which nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) showed good binding ability and stability in molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Experimental results show that dihydrocarvonol can effectively inhibit the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA inflammatory factors in BEAS-2B cells induced by LPS, and inhibit the expression of NOS2 protein in BEAS-2B cells induced by LPS in a targeted and concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: This study screened and verified that NOS2 can be used as the target of dihydrocarvacrol in the treatment of bronchial asthma, which provides a theoretical basis for its potential application in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Objective: The 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technology was used to study the difference of microbial flora in the gingival crevicular fluid of the implant under screw retention and adhesive retention, and to find the characteristic biomarkers related to the peri-implant. Methods: Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to perform 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the bacterial flora in the bacterial V3-V4 region of gingival crevicular fluid under two groups of retention methods. Results: Microbiota analysis showed that at the genus level, the dominant flora of the screw-retained group mainly included Haemophilus and Neisseria spp. The dominant flora of the adhesive retention group mainly included Fusobacterium spp., Neisseria spp., etc. The analysis of microbial metabolism showed that the abundance of energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism was higher in the screw-retention group. Conclusion: The results indicate that there are differences in the structure and composition of subgingival bacterial microbiota between screw-retained and cement-retained group, and the dominant microbiota varies under different retained methods.

Objective: By solving the image problems of low contrast, blurry details, and high noise in the original medical imaging process, the aim is to improve the quality and application performance of medical images. Methods: By analyzing the technical principles of the time-delay neural network model, a four-dimensional time-delay neural network model is constructed, and the optimal parameter setting method is explored. Based on this, an enhancement method for low-quality images based on the time-delay neural network is proposed, and it is verified that the model can achieve the amplification of small signals. Results: Image enhancement performance was verified on two datasets, and experimental comparisons with mainstream enhancement algorithms were conducted. The results showed that the mean information entropy value was approximately 38% higher than that of other methods, which was confirmed in ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging images. Conclusion: The enhancement method for low-quality images based on time-delay neural networks can significantly improve the quality of low-quality medical images. It can not only significantly enhance image contrast but also better preserve image detail information.