文章以常见于硬新闻中的“可想而知”构式评价句为研究对象,将语法构式、语用逻辑、系统功能语言学的研究视角与方法相结合,考察评价句中语言要素与论证型评价模式的互动,分析评价句的消极评价功能及言者立场。考察结果表明,“可想而知”构式评价句的评价模式为论证型评价,具有“言之有据、析之有道、系之有序、论之有理”的特点。其对评价的论证过程符合语用逻辑学中的RSA评价模型,评价结论客观合理,体现了言者与读者的交互主观性,评价句的言者立场具有客观中立正式的特点。上述特点也是此类评价句在硬新闻中高频表消极评价的主要原因。研究显示,评价言语行为体现出语言外部交际环境与语言内部各要素之间密切而复杂的互动,包括微观层面即构式句内部的互动,中观层面即评价前提和评价结论的互动,宏观层面即语体、语法、语用、修辞的互动。

The study of construction and its evaluative meaning has become the focus of attention in Chinese grammar in recent years. Previous studies have mainly focused on the semantic and grammatical features of constructions in the spoken language and general language, and the emergence process of constructions, as well as the individual modality and emotional evaluation expressed by constructions. Relatively less attention is paid to the construction sentences in the highly formal written style and the objective and rational evaluation expressed.
This article takes the evaluation sentence of Construction “Kexiangerzhi” commonly found in hard news as the research object. A total of 6638 effective corpora were collected from the CCL Corpus(Corpus of Center for Chinese linguistics PKU) and the People's Daily News Search Engine. By comprehensively applying research perspectives and methods from multiple disciplines, such as grammar construction, pragmatic logic, and systemic functional linguistics, the interaction between the language elements of construction evaluation sentences and argumentative evaluation models in hard news, the structural characteristics, evaluation function and the speaker's position of evaluation sentences are examined.
The research results indicate that the evaluation mode of the sentence is argumentative evaluation, with the characteristics of evidence-based speech, reasonable analysis, orderly connection, and reasonable argument. Its demonstration process of evaluation conforms to the RSA evaluation model in pragmatic logic, which means the evaluation premise is acceptable, the evaluation premise is related to the evaluation conclusion, and the evaluation premise provides full support for the evaluation conclusion. The evaluation conclusion is objective and rational, reflecting the interactive subjectivity between the speaker and the reader. It also demonstrates the speaker's objective cognitive stance, neutral attitude stance, and formal style stance. The above characteristics are also the main reason why such evaluation sentences frequently express negative evaluations in hard news.
The construction evaluation sentence studied in this article also reflects the close and complex interaction between the external communication environment of language and various internal elements of language, which can be summarized in three aspects: 1) The micro level refers to the internal interaction of the construction sentence. The higher the degree of abstraction of the subject, the more obvious the normalization of the predicate, and the more prominent the construction meaning; 2) At the meso level, it refers to the interaction between the evaluation premise and the evaluation conclusion. The subject of the evaluation conclusion sentence contains an anaphoric component to the person or thing described by the premise, and there is a logical inference relationship between the premise and the conclusion. The semantic interaction between the two is obvious; 3) At the macro level, it refers to the interaction between language style, grammar, pragmatics, and rhetoric. The evaluation and argumentation process of evaluation sentences reflects the interaction between hard news language style and pragmatic logic. The vocabulary and sentence structures in the evaluation premise and conclusion exhibit an objective, neutral, and formal speaker's stance.
This study is based on a multidisciplinary interactive perspective, analyzing the expression and functional characteristics of evaluation language in specific language genres. Starting from linguistic facts but not limited to linguistic research perspectives, this is a research path that should be attempted further and valued in the future.