授权暂时调整法律适用中的试验性规范具有填补规范空缺、促成立法设想践行于现实试错检验、形成立法试验论证的实质内容对象以及为正式立法规范设定提供经验参考的基本功能。但已有试验性规范也存在制定主体结构不当、制定权限不明、程序规制缺位、内容体系化不足四个方面问题。因此,有必要优化试验性规范制定主体结构,科学配置试验性规范制定权限,建立健全试验性规范程序安排和推进试验性规范内容体系化建构,以提升授权暂时调整法律适用中试验性规范制定与运行的制度化水平。

The experimental norm is a core element of the system of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law established by the Legislation Law of 2015. Although the amendment of the Legislation Law in 2023 further improved the relevant provisions of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law, it did not make necessary provisions on the experimental norms and their formulation. At present, the academic circle has not paid enough attention to the experimental norms of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law; especially, the function of the experimental norm has not been accurately defined, which has caused many problems in its practice and affected the process of its legalization.
Based on the authorization to temporarily adjust the operation needs of the law application system, this paper highlights the role of experimental norms as an “equalizer” in the tension between reform and the rule of law. This paper clarifies the functional positioning of experimental norms of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law from four aspects: completing the normative law application, facilitating the implementation of legislative ideas in real practice, forming the substantive object of legislative experiment, and providing experience reference for the setting of formal legislative norms. Based on this, this paper carries out a textual analysis of the pilot decisions on authorization reform made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress since 2012, conducts a systematic study on the content of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law, and comprehensively examines the deficiencies of the experimental norms of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law in combination with the current situation of the formulation and implementation of experimental norms.
This paper highlights the comprehensive application of research methods such as normative analysis and empirical analysis and points out that there are four problems in the experimental norms of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law. First, the structure of the formulation body is improper, which is manifested as that some subjects are not authorized to formulate experimental norms and local legislative bodies have no right to formulate experimental norms. Second, the authority of formulation is unclear. The exercise of the authority of formulation of experimental norms is arbitrary and the legislative authority of the subject is inconsistent with the “legal source level” of the experimental norms. Third, it is the absence of procedural regulation, which is manifested as the inconsistent application of the record, the incomplete time limit, and the imperfect procedure setting. Fourth, the content is not systematic enough. The legal provisions replaced by some experimental norms are not clear and the expression is more general.Given the above problems, this paper proposes to optimize the main structure of the formulation of experimental norms, scientifically allocate the authority of the formulation of experimental norms, establish and improve the procedural arrangement of experimental norms, and promote the systematic construction of the content of experimental norms, thus improving the institutionalization of the formulation and implementation of experimental norms of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law, giving full play to the operation effect of the system of authorizing temporary adjustment of the application of law, and providing a strong legal guarantee for further deepening reform comprehensively.