人力资本积累与创新绩效之间的经典关系,如何应用于考察后发国家汽车制造企业的自主创新过程,是一个有待深入验证的问题。本文以2001—2015年具有整车制造业务的中国汽车制造业上市公司为样本,较系统地考察了人力资本积累对企业自主创新绩效的作用机制。结果表明,人力资本积累在总体上确实促进了创新绩效的提升;在不同类型的企业中,人力资本积累与自主创新之间的关系是有差异的。具体而言,人力资本积累与研发资本投资之间的互动机制是不稳定的,整体上来看,研发资本投入水平高的企业中,人力资本积累对自主创新绩效的贡献较弱;有商用车生产历史的乘用车制造企业中人力资本积累对自主创新绩效的影响更强;相对于未实施多元化经营战略的企业,实施多元经营战略的企业中人力资本积累对自主创新绩效的影响更差。当实用新型与外观设计专利被考虑进自主创新的范围后,相关多元化经营程度高的企业中人力资本积累对创新绩效的贡献要强于其他企业。因此,我国汽车制造企业在自主创新过程中,不仅要注意积累研发型的人力资本,还需要注意构建研发资本投入与人力资本积累之间的互动机制、充分挖掘企业历史经验并优化经营战略体系。

Based on the classical relationship between human capital accumulation and innovation, it is still a problem awaits further verification on how to apply the specific mechanism of human capital to investigate the process of independent innovation in developing automobile manufacture enterprises. This paper takes samples from China’s automobile manufacturing listed companies which have vehicle manufacture business from 2001 and 2015, and investigates the mechanism of how the human capital accumulation works on the independent innovation performance of enterprises systematically. The results show that the accumulation of human capital can promote innovation performance in general, but the relationship between human capital accumulation and independent innovation is discrepant in different types of enterprises. More specifically, the interaction mechanism between human capital and development capital is unstable. Generally speaking, human capital accumulation has weaker performance on the innovation with higher level of R&D investment. Human capital has a worse impact on innovation performance with the implementation of diversification strategy. But human capital has a positive effect on innovation performance with diversification strategy as the utility models patents and design patents have been considered as innovation. Therefore, Chinese automobile manufacture enterprises should not only pay attention to the accumulation of the research and development human capital but also need to pay attention to the construction of interactive mechanism between research capital investment and human capital accumulation to fully tap the experiences of enterprises and optimize the operation strategy system in the process of independent innovation.