新冠肺炎疫情暴露出我国在公共安全治理过程中存在地方政府行为失范,行为与责任不匹配的问题。本文以此次疫情为例,构建公共安全治理中政府使命、责任与行为的整合性分析框架,比较不同地方政府应对此次疫情所采取的不同行为措施,发现部分地方政府履行前瞻性责任不到位,统筹协调责任仍有待加强,在运用规律和新技术降低损失方面履责不够,在公开和传递信息方面失责,在公共安全的源头治理方面履责不到位。究其原因,是由于地方政府风险防控动力不足;行为治理机制不完善,难以约束主观自利动机;在公共安全治理方面思维僵化;信息交流及沟通存在梗阻;危机治理受到技术、利益等方面的阻碍。地方政府在公共安全治理中承担着重要责任,针对地方政府行为失范的问题,应建立第一吹哨人制度,促使地方政府履行风险治理责任,矫正地方政府公共安全治理中的失范行为,树立公共安全治理底线思维、兜底思维和全过程管理思维,借新技术之力打通地方政府在数据信息传递中的梗阻,从制度、技术、法律保障等方面促使地方政府加强公共安全源头治理。

The outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019 has exposed the misconduct of local governments and the mismatch between their behaviors and responsibility in the public safety governance in China. Taking this epidemic for example, the paper builds an integrated analytical framework of government mission responsibility and behaviors in the public safety governance to compare the different measures taken by different local governments in response to the outbreak of COVID-19. The research has the following findings: 1) some local governments have not fully fulfilled their forward-looking responsibility; 2) their overall coordination responsibility still needs to be strengthened; 3) they have not fully fulfilled their responsibilities in the application of rules and new technologies to reduce losses and in the disclosure and transmission of information; 4) and they also have not fully fulfilled their responsibilities in the source governance of public security. The reason is that the local government lacks the motivation of risk prevention and control; the behavior governance mechanism of local government is not perfect, which makes it difficult to restrain the government's subjective self-interest motive. They have rigid thinking in public security governance and obstruction of information exchange and communication. Crisis management is hindered by technology, interest and other aspects. Local governments bear an inescapable responsibility in the governance of public security, so they should establish the first whistle blower system to urge local governments to fulfill the responsibility of risk management and govern the behavior of local government in public security governance. The local government should establish the bottom-line thinking, comprehensive thinking and whole process management thinking of public security governance. Furthermore, it should use the power of new technology to break through the obstruction of local government in data information transmission. It is also necessary to urge the local government to strengthen the governance of the public security source from the aspects of system, technology and legal guarantee.