实践中我国环境民事公益诉讼产生的大额损害赔偿金多用于受侵害生态环境的修复,但规范层面关于赔偿金管理的制度迄今付之阙如。案例归纳显示,各地在摸索中形成了“赔偿金交付审理法院指定账户”、“赔偿金上缴至国库”、“赔偿金交付政府环境保护主管部门管理的专用账户”以及“赔偿金交付至第三方专项基金账户”四种路径。前三种路径由公权力机关直接管理使用,不失为“摸着石头过河”的有益经验,但对救济受损环境公益的实效性、赔偿金去向的合目的性、实现“吸收社会公众不满”等民事公益诉讼的规范目的,难以平衡兼顾。为实现环境民事公益诉讼的价值预期和规范预期,应当立足于上述实践经验、吸收比较法营养,完善环境公益赔偿金管理的制度建构。本文提出应当在第四种路径的经验基础上建立以政府为主导、第三方专业机构实际运营,以检察机关监督为主、民间公益组织和社会公众共同监督的环境损害赔偿金管理模式,并发展配套机制,以保证正当性、合理性与实效性为前提力求从实践智慧积累逐步过渡到规范制度建设。

Most of damages ruled by environmental public interest litigations in China is used to repair the infringed ecological environment, but the norm system regarding the management and distribution of this compensation in China has been incomplete so far. The summary of practical experience indicates that various four approaches in different jurisdictions have been formed, inter alia, “accounts designated and managed by the court of trial”, the “compensation paid to the state treasury”, the “compensation paid to a special account managed by the government environmental protection bureau”, and the “compensation paid to a third-party's special fund account”. The first three approaches are directly operated by public authorities. But the fulfillment of environmental public interest litigation purposes, the relieving of the damaged environmental public interest, and the normative purpose of civil public interest litigation, such as absorbing the dissatisfaction of the public, cannot be achieved in a balanced way. In order to realize the value expectations and normative expectations of environmental public interest litigation, it is proposed to analyze the above-mentioned practical experience, to absorb the nutrition of comparative law, and to construct the rule system regarding the management and the use of the damages compensation ruled in environment public interest litigations. This article proposes that, on the basis of the experience of the fourth approach, the environmental damages compensation and restoration fund management model led by the government but with the operation of third-party professional institutions should be established. This should be put under full supervision by the procuratorial organs, non-governmental organizations, and the public, as well as supplemented by mechanisms such as liability insurance system for environmental tort damages, the establishment of specialized environment assessment institutions, and promotion of specialized technical cooperation.