文章基于1995—2018年世界价值观的中国调查数据,利用多层年龄—时期—队列模型,以18—35岁青年为研究对象,分解出青年受教育程度对其国家自豪感影响在时期和队列变迁中的演变趋势。实证结果显示,从总体上来看,中等学历青年的国家自豪感最强,高等学历青年次之,初等学历青年最弱。随着时期推移,我国青年总体上的国家自豪感呈“U形”变迁趋势,其中,1995—2012年的先降后升趋势主要与初等学历和中等学历青年的国家自豪感变化有关,而2018年达到最高点则主要与高等学历青年国家自豪感的加速提升有关。随着队列年轻化,青年国家自豪感呈现出“三个高峰”的趋势,并依次由初等学历、中等学历、高等学历青年的国家自豪感变化所引起。由此来看,在时期和队列变迁中,较低学历青年的规范性国家自豪感会随个人地位及其生活体验进行重构,而高等学历青年的国家自豪感则主要来自于对国家客观成就的理性判断。

Youth are important participants and builders of national development in China. Youth's national pride will determine the future of the Chinese nation. In the century-long history of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China has always carried patriotic education through the whole educational process of students in school, and constantly shaped the youth's national pride. After a century of hard work, the Chinese nation has made a great leap forward from standing up, becoming rich, and becoming strong. It has made remarkable achievements and is closer to the realization of the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history. Therefore, how does national pride change among youth with different levels of education in different periods and cohorts? Existing literature on this is still scarce.
Based on the data of world values of five waves (1995-2018) in China, this paper explores how the youth's educational attainment influences the evolution of their national pride in different periods and cohorts by taking young people aged 18-35 as research objects through the hierarchical age-period-cohort model. The empirical results show that the youth with secondary education has the highest sense of national pride, followed by the youth with higher education and the youth with primary education. The national pride of young people in China shows a U-shaped change trend. Among them, the evolution trend from 1995 to 2012 was mainly caused by the change in young people with primary and secondary education, while the peak in 2018 was mainly caused by the sudden acceleration of young people with higher education. By the cohort, the national pride of young people shows “three peaks and two valleys”, which are influenced by changes in national pride among youth with elementary, moderate, and higher education levels, respectively. This paper further uses the APC model with the dummy variable method to conduct robustness tests, and the results are still consistent. In summary, with the changes in the period and cohort, the normative national pride among youth with lower education levels is reconstructed based on their personal status and life experience, while the national pride among youth with higher education levels is mainly determined by rational judgments based on the country's objective achievements.
This paper contributes to existing literature in two aspects. First, it explores the change trend of national pride of Chinese youths with different education levels in different periods and cohorts, which expands the static research on the impact of Chinese youth's education level on their national pride. Second, it clarifies the differences and internal mechanisms of national pride among young people with different levels of education in different periods and cohorts.
This paper reveals the changing trend and internal reasons of national pride among Chinese youth with different educational levels, which is helpful for China to formulate and implement targeted measures to enhance Chinese youth's national pride in the ever-changing international situation.