分配正义是当代西方政治哲学家极为关注的理论焦点,也是马克思主义研究者在构建马克思政治哲学体系,阐释马克思政治哲学理论本质时不可回避的核心问题。马克思对分配正义的探讨以共产主义的分配方式超越了资本主义社会不公正的分配手段,在生产资料共同所有的基础上完成了对资本主义私有制的批判,并且指向了更深层次的人的本质的自我所有问题。通过政治经济学的分析,马克思厘清了资本主义社会生产中的雇佣劳动与资本之间的关系;通过对人类社会发展三个不同历史阶段的划分,他将人的自由和全面发展的旨趣同人的本质的回归与占有结合起来,为正义的实现提供了可能性路径。将分配正义与人的本质的自我所有进行关联,一方面能够深入推进对马克思分配正义思想的理解和把握,另一方面也能够整合当代马克思政治哲学研究中的不同思想要素,为其进一步深化提供有益助力。

Distributive justice is a theoretical focus of great concern for contemporary western political philosophers, and it is also the core issue which cannot be avoided when Marxist researchers construct the system and explain the essence of Marx's political philosophy. Marx's exploration of distributive justice transcends the unjust means of distribution in capitalist society with the communist form of distribution, and completes the critique of capitalist private ownership on the basis of common ownership of the means of production. In the meanwhile, it also points to the deeper problem of self-ownership of human essence. Through the analysis of political economy, Marx clarified the relationship between wage labor and capital in capitalist social production. And through the division of three different historical stages of social development, Marx combined the aim of freedom and comprehensive development of human with the return and possession of human essence, providing a possible path for the realization of justice. By correlating distributive justice with the self-possession of human essence, we can, on one hand, deeply advance the understanding and grasp of Marx's idea of distributive justice, and on the other hand, integrate different ideological elements in the study of Marx's political philosophy and provide useful assistance for its deepening study.