With the intensification of global climate change and the growing resource depletion, promoting energy system transformation and achieving the “dual carbon” goals have become crucial strategic objectives for China's development. New quality productive forces, as the product of the modern scientific and technological revolution, are the key driving forces for the transformation of the energy system. In recent years, while accelerating the construction of a modern energy system, China has further proposed the task of accelerating the construction of a new energy system to achieve a green, low-carbon transition and high-quality development of the energy system. However, in the process of constructing the new energy system, effectively cultivating and leveraging new quality productive forces, optimizing the energy supply-demand structure, and enhancing overall productivity remain significant challenges and uncertainties.
This study is based on the Marxist theory of productive forces and the concept of value chain division of labor. It systematically analyzes the development and characteristics of China's energy system and delves into the critical role of new quality productive forces in the transformation of the energy system. From four perspectives of the mechanism reform, supply-side, demand-side, and technology-side, this study comprehensively examines the barriers, safety hazards, and constraints of the three pillar industries: photovoltaics, wind power, and new energy vehicles, concerning key raw materials and core technologies. By analyzing the overall supply-demand relationship of the new energy system's industry chain, this study proposes a series of policy recommendations aimed at cultivating new quality productive forces and promoting the formation and development of the new energy system.
This paper expands on existing research in the following aspects. First, this study combines the Marxist theory of productive forces and the concept of value chain division of labor to systematically analyze the role of new quality productive forces in the transformation of the new energy system, thereby expanding the research perspective of energy economics. Second, through detailed data analysis, this study reveals the specific performance of the photovoltaic, wind power, and new energy vehicle industries in terms of production factor optimization, technological innovation, and resource integration, providing a scientific basis for policy formulation. Third, this study proposes a series of policy suggestions, such as implementing coordinated mechanism reforms, establishing efficient inter-regional corridors, accelerating the release of redundant capacity, and enhancing autonomy and control, providing clear guidance for governments and enterprises in the construction of the new energy system.
This study has significant theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, by introducing the concept of new quality productive forces, this study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanisms behind the transformation of the energy system and enriches the application of the Marxist theory of productive forces. Practically, the proposed policy suggestions provide concrete pathways for China to achieve its “dual carbon” goals and construct a high-quality new energy system. This study aims to offer theoretical support and policy advice for the construction and development of China's new energy system, promote energy technology innovation and industrial upgrading, and realize the strategic goal of green, low-carbon, and high-quality development.