Against the background of the rapid development of the digital economy, Chinese residents' consumption behavior is deeply affected by both the digital divide and digital dividend, and is increasingly differentiated, with typically skewed distribution. To crack the current problem of consumption structure differentiation, expand domestic demand, and promote supply innovation with consumption upgrading, this paper, based on the 2015-2021 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, constructs a cluster group quartile analysis model to measure the heterogeneous effects of the digital divide and the digital dividend on the groups with different consumption levels and types. It reveals the characteristics of the residents' consumption structure, the differentiation pattern under the influence of the digital divide, and the mitigating effect of the digital dividend on the negative shocks.
The findings indicate that the digital divide exerts a significant inhibitory effect on household total consumption, exhibiting a “U-shaped” pattern, with a greater inhibition effect observed among households with both low and high consumption levels. Conversely, the development of the digital economy effectively narrows the digital divide, thereby stimulating residents' consumption, particularly among households with medium consumption levels. Additionally, the impact of the digital divide varies significantly across different consumption types, with more pronounced effects on upgraded consumption behaviors such as transportation, education, and healthcare.
This study contributes to existing literature in two aspects. First, it departs from traditional research that examines the overall impact of the digital divide or the digital dividend on consumption by employing a cluster quantile analysis model to accurately reveal the differentiated effects on households with varying consumption levels and types. Second, this study incorporates regional disparities in the digital economy into its theoretical framework and utilizes a two-stage estimation method. This approach effectively mitigates the interference of environmental shocks on the identification of the digital divide's impact, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the estimation results and enabling more precise identification of both the inhibitory effect of the digital divide and the mitigating effect of the digital dividend on consumption.
By providing an accurate basis for policy formulation, this study offers valuable insights for the government to develop differentiated strategies for the digital economy and consumption stimulation policies. These measures can more effectively bridge the digital divide, unleash the digital dividend, and promote the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption structure, as well as the coordinated development of the economy.

通过充分挖掘 CGSS 和 CHIP两大数据库，采用跨时空双样本构建方法，显著增加有效数据量并从视角和度量两个主要维度综合考察中国社会的代际收入流动变迁。研究发现:(1)从全局性流动指标看，代际收入相对流动性呈现“60后较强、70后最强、80 后最弱"的特征，而代际收入绝对流动性呈现不断上升趋势。(2)从局部性流动指标看，虽然中国代际收入相对流动性到“80后"达到最弱，但底层群体向中层流动的机会依然保持在相对较高水平。结合我国流动性水平在国际上所处的位置分析得出，在确保相对流动性处于合理水平的前提下，继续努力促进绝对流动性的提升，是目前巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、积极迈向共同富裕的可行路径。

Administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation are the two core legal channels for resolving administrative disputes and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, or other organizations. Together, they form the main framework of China's administrative relief system. With the implementation of the newly revised Administrative Reconsideration Law of the People's Republic of China, the pattern of “big reconsideration, medium litigation, and small petition” is gradually taking shape, and the extensive application of reconsideration change decisions has led to corresponding adjustments in the judicial practice of the People's Courts.
At the theoretical level, the legality review of administrative litigation needs to be redefined, and it is necessary to reposition the review content. This not only involves the legality of administrative actions but also their rationality and appropriateness. Additionally, the review procedures and new types of cases should be repositioned and reconsidered. After the revision of the new law, change decisions have been placed in a more prominent position compared to revocation decisions, highlighting the role of reconsideration as the main channel. Additionally, the mechanism of separating cases based on complexity has significantly improved the efficiency of reconsideration.
To address these changes, at the practical level, the People's Courts should establish a hierarchical review approach in response to the challenges brought by the extensive application of reconsideration change decisions. This means that when reviewing administrative actions, different review standards and intensities should be adopted based on the specific circumstances of the case, properly balancing the modesty and finality of administrative litigation. At the same time, the application of the principle of proportionality should be emphasized to ensure that administrative actions, while pursuing public interests, do not infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, or other organizations. Moreover, the application of the “obviously inappropriate” standard should be properly interpreted to clarify its scope and conditions. To promote the comprehensive alignment of the case acceptance standards of reconsideration and litigation, the “minor modification” rule should also established. Additionally, a judicial confirmation mechanism for the factual findings of administrative reconsideration should be constructed to ensure that the factual findings in reconsideration decisions are effectively confirmed in litigation, thereby enhancing judicial efficiency. Moreover, exploring the establishment of an integrated dispute resolution procedure is an important direction. By integrating resources such as administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation, a joint force can be formed to resolve administrative disputes.
In terms of substantively resolving administrative disputes, a penetrating review approach should be actively employed to analyze the root causes of administrative disputes and propose practical solutions. The mediation and settlement system should be deepened, encouraging parties to resolve disputes through negotiation and mediation, reducing litigation costs and time. Additionally, multiple measures should be taken to promote source governance, preventing and reducing the occurrence of administrative disputes from the source. By establishing a long-term resolution mechanism, the growing judicial demands of the parties can be responded to, promoting the construction of a law-based government and achieving the substantive resolution of administrative disputes.

全球北方发达国家重视自己的数字主权，努力捍卫并扩张其在威斯特伐利亚意义上的主权在数字空间的覆盖。与此同时，全球南方国家普遍还没有树立起全面的数字主权观念，但已经初步意识到:数字主权是国家主权的重要组成部分。为了更全面直观地呈现一国的数字主权独立自主水平，笔者设计了数字主权指数(DSI)这一度量指标体系，并期望围绕这一度量体系促进全球南方各国在数字主权问题上的对话与协作。

With the rapid development of the digital economy, new forms of unfair competition have become increasingly prevalent, posing obstacles to the innovative, healthy, and sustainable development of the economy. Against this backdrop, China is conducting the third revision of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, aiming to improve the rules for fair competition in the digital economy.
This paper highlights the threefold challenges of the implementation of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law due to the characteristics of the digital economy. First, the data element is non-exclusive, non-consumable, and replicable, presenting a severe challenge to the traditional competition rules system based on physical production elements. Second, the platform economy becomes more ecosystem-based, not only extending and intensifying platform monopolies but also making it harder to distinguish between monopolistic behaviors and unfair competition. Finally, hidden and complex algorithmic competition methods are widely used by operators, but they are difficult to regulate effectively in the current legal framework.
In response to these challenges, the first step is to address them at the institutional and regulatory level. First, the protection of data rights should be given high priority. Second, the rules for unfair competition in the platform economy should be improved to assist in the governance of platform-based competition. Third, the identification and liability rules for new forms of unfair competition should be clarified.
The application of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law in the digital economy should also pay attention to its coordination with related laws. In coordination with the Anti-Monopoly Law, it should be recognized that the Anti-Unfair Competition Law focuses on maintaining fair competition, while the Anti-Monopoly Law focuses on preserving a free competitive market structure. In coordinating with the E-Commerce Law, the general-special relationship between the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the E-Commerce Law should be acknowledged, with priority given to the latter in the e-commerce field. In coordinating with the Personal Information Protection Law, the traditional barriers between departmental laws need to be broken, and a dynamic coordination mechanism should be established at the legislative, judicial, and regulatory levels. In coordination with the Cybersecurity Law, the boundaries between unfair competition behaviors and actions that endanger cybersecurity should be clarified, and a cross-departmental collaboration mechanism should be created to ensure that both data security and market competition order are protected.

财政透明度作为政府政务公开的核心内容，是现代财政制度建设和国家治理能力提升的关键指标。以2015 年新《中华人民共和国预算法》实施这一重大制度变革为契机，构建准自然实验研究框架，系统考察财政透明度对企业税收遵从行为的影响效应及其内在作用机制。研究发现:(1)财政透明度的提升显著抑制了企业避税行为，验证了"更好的信息会带来更高的合规性"的理论预期。(2)机制分析表明，财政透明度通过提升政府行为合规性和增强公众对政府的信任促进企业税收遵从，但政府效率的中介效应不显著，反映出短期内透明度提升可能暴露原有低效问题。(3)异质性分析显示，财政透明度对企业避税行为的抑制作用在非国有企业、小规模企业、融资约束较低企业中更为显著，且对隶属地税征管的企业及经济欠发达地区的企业的避税行为具有更为显著的抑制作用。这些发现为完善现代财政制度提供了一定的政策启示:(1)进一步强化财政信息公开，通过数字化手段(如政务 App)提升信息可及性。(2)优化预算监督与问责机制，以合规性建设和公信力提升增强企业纳税意愿。(3)针对企业异质性实施差异化政策，例如对中小企业加强税收宣传，对欠发达地区优化财政支出透明度。

As an important writer in Chinese literary history who combined ideological depth with artistic originality, the establishment of Gong Zizhen's status as the “pioneer of modern literature” went through a long-term construction process in academic circles from the late Qing Dynasty to the contemporary era. This process not only reflects the transformation of Chinese literary research paradigms but also highlights the interpretive possibilities of Gong Zizhen's works in different historical contexts.
During and shortly after Gong Zizhen's lifetime, his literary achievements were already recognized by his relatives and friends, as well as the academic community. However, there was a significant discrepancy in the evaluation of his poetry, prose, and ci (lyric poetry) at that time: His prose and ci were highly regarded, while his poetry was neglected. This reflects the lag in the canonization process of Gong's poetry during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods.
In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the continuous promotion by the Song Poetry School, the Poetic Revolution School, and the Nanshe (南社) elevated the status of Gong's poetry above his prose and ci. The Song Poetry School regarded Gong's poetry as the culmination of the poetic tradition of the Song Dynasty, represented by figures like Han Yu and Huang Tingjian. The Poetic Revolution School admired Gong's prose for its practical governance thoughts, and Huang Zunxian even imitated Miscellaneous Poems Written in the Jihai Year (己亥杂诗) to create 89 poems of the same title. The Southern Society particularly commended the intense style of Gong's poetry and launched a large-scale movement to compile his poems, shaping his image as a classic poet.
Huang Ren, in A History of Chinese Literature, first positioned Gong Zizhen as an enlightening figure who broke through the “ambiguous period” of Qing Dynasty literature. In the proposed chapter on the Qing Dynasty, he listed Gong Zizhen as the first writer of the Daoguang reign, essentially regarding him as the beginning of modern literature. However, most literary history works in the first half of the 20th century did not continue this approach.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the research paradigm of “old and new democratic revolutionary literature” promoted the establishment of Gong Zizhen's status as the “pioneer of modern literature”. The 1957 Teaching Outline for the History of Chinese Literature took him as the opening figure of modern literature, emphasizing his “enlightened” and “patriotic” thoughts and his premonition of social upheavals. The History of Chinese Literature edited by You Guoen explicitly called him the “pioneering writer of modern literature”, and works by scholars such as Liu Dajie and Guo Yanli further strengthened this positioning, arguing that he embodied both ideological enlightenment and literary innovation.
The establishment of Gong Zizhen's status in literary history is essentially a product of the construction of the modern literature discipline. From Huang Ren first conferring on him the identity of an enlightener of modern literature to the academic positioning based on revolutionary theory after 1949, this process not only reflects the changes in academic paradigms across different eras but also reveals the dual dimensions of ideologism and timeliness in the construction of literary canons. The final establishment of his image as a “pioneer” not only completes the integration of his diverse literary achievements but also lays the historical foundation for the study of modern literature, holding important significance for the history of the discipline.

银行数字化转型是否能提高企业风险承担对于实现创新驱动发展战略至关重要。以2013-2021年期间我国上市公司以及给这些上市公司信贷的商业银行为研究样本，实证检验商业银行数字化转型对上市企业风险承担的影响，结果显示，银行数字化转型能发挥“治理效应"和“资源效应”，从而提高企业风险承担水平，这一影响主要由银行的战略数字化和管理数字化转型驱动。特别地，在外部金融科技发达而自身数字化创新能力较弱的企业，银行数字化转型对其风险承担具有更显著的影响。进一步研究还发现，银行数字化转型下的企业，其风险承担水平与企业创新投入及企业价值之间存在显著的正相关性。

The micro-connect investment model is an innovative financing framework developed by small and micro enterprises. It is evident that in accordance with daily revenue-based financing arrangements, this model manifests hybrid equity-debt characteristics. This gives rise to fundamental operational challenges, including legal attribute ambiguities, deficiencies in cross-border fund supervision coordination, and investor risk. This paper systematically outlines the model's legal attributes, proposes coordinated cross-border regulatory mechanisms, and formulates investor protection measures, thereby establishing the theoretical basis for the regulation of revenue-based financing innovations.
Through the examination of existing laws and cross-border financial regulatory regimes, including financial legislation in Macao, this paper deconstructs the model's contractual architecture and transactional framework. Three critical dimensions are addressed. Firstly, regarding the legal applicability of the Daily Revenue Contract, it is evident that the contract exhibits essential attributes of debt. Consequently, such instruments are considered to be debt-like contracts governed by the General Provisions of the Contracts Section within the Civil Code, with stipulations from the loan contract being applied analogously. About the overall model, the micro-connect investment model has established a Micro Connect Financial Assets Exchange in Macau. The issuance of financial products is conducted through this Exchange, with investments being made by professional investors. The legal framework governing the core aspects of this model, including the fund raising, product issuance, and Exchange operations, is that of Macau's financial laws and regulations. The model can be categorized as a private equity fund business that utilizes asset-based securities as investment instruments. Secondly, with regard to the matter of cross-border regulation of funds, the micro-connect investment model involves financing enterprises in the mainland, the Macao Financial Assets Exchange, and international investors, thereby creating cross-border and cross-jurisdictional flows of funds. The primary focus at present should be on risk identification and the establishment of early warning systems. In the medium to long term, the development of a coordinated regulatory mechanism is essential. Thirdly, investor risk mitigation necessitates enhanced supervision of the Monetary Authority of Macao over the Micro Connect Macao Financial Assets Exchange, specifically mandating rigorous fulfilment of information disclosure protocols and anti-money laundering implementation.
The innovation of this paper is evident in the manner in which it resolves core regulatory dilemmas. This is achieved through a tripartite analysis that encompasses the legal characterization of the micro-connect investment model, the implementation of cross-border supervision, and the establishment of investor safeguarding measures. It establishes the debt-like juridical nature of the Daily Revenue Contract, proposes a specific path for a synergistic mechanism among the three regulators, and emphasizes the prevention of investor risks by strengthening the fulfilment of the obligations of the exchanges. The results provide a legal basis and practical guidance for the mainland, Hong Kong, and Macao regulators to regulate financial innovation and safeguard financial stability. The research findings have certain practical value and academic significance in improving the financial regulatory framework of the emerging revenue-based financing model.

The Administrative Reconsideration Law revised in 2023 has established mediation as a fundamental principle and basic procedure of administrative reconsideration. The determination of the legal nature of the administrative reconsideration mediation document directly affects the enforcement strength and implementation effect of the document, and further influences the performance of the mediation function in administrative reconsideration. However, in the practice and theoretical research of administrative reconsideration, there are differences in the understanding of the legal attributes of the administrative reconsideration mediation document. In fact, there are significant differences between the issuance of the administrative reconsideration mediation document and administrative reconsideration decision, with distinct behavioral logics and institutional mechanisms. They cannot be simply treated as the same; otherwise, it will be detrimental to the systematic construction of the administrative reconsideration mediation system. Based on the institutional provisions and practical exploration of administrative reconsideration mediation, this paper reveals the triple normative attributes of the administrative reconsideration mediation document as a means of concluding cases through consensus, as a result of the substantive resolution of administrative disputes, and as a basis for enforcement from the three aspects of its issuance, content, and implementation.
First of all, administrative reconsideration mediation belongs to a consensual dispute resolution method, which fundamentally determines that the administrative reconsideration mediation document cannot be completely equivalent to an administrative reconsideration decision document. Administrative reconsideration mediation centers on the substantive interests of the parties involved, with communication and negotiation between the parties as the medium. The main function of the reconsideration authority is to mediate and convey information. The administrative reconsideration mediation document is made based on the consensus of the parties and must be based on the true expression of the parties' intentions. The reconsideration authority should conduct a comprehensive review of the legality of the mediation agreement reached by the parties from both procedural and substantive aspects, and then issue the mediation document.
Secondly, the administrative reconsideration mediation document is a written carrier of the substantive resolution of administrative disputes, detailing the request for administrative reconsideration, facts, reasons, and the mediation outcome. The types of administrative disputes subject to administrative reconsideration mediation should not be simply judged by the binary logic of “legality-illegality”. Instead, in individual cases, the degree of illegality of administrative decisions, the possibility of rectification, and the feasibility of reaching a consensus between the government and the people should be comprehensively considered to ensure that mediation can be applied to all types of administrative reconsideration cases. The administrative reconsideration mediation document has the effect of terminating the reconsideration procedure, alters the content and validity of the administrative act under reconsideration, and is binding on the reconsideration authority and the parties involved.
Finally, the administrative reconsideration mediation document has the function of serving as an enforcement basis. Only when the content of the effective mediation document is fully implemented can the administrative dispute be resolved substantively. Based on the hierarchical supervision relationship between superior and subordinate administrative organs, the respondent should proactively fulfill the obligations determined by the mediation document. At the same time, the applicant and the third party should be granted the right to request the respondent to fulfill their obligations, and the two-way institutional framework for the compulsory enforcement of mediation document should be established.

习近平总书记关于数据安全重要论述既是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的有机组成部分，也是马克思主义国家安全思想和人本技术观中国化的新成果，主要包括统筹数据发展与数据安全、构建多元数据安全保障体系、加强国际数据安全合作、打造多层次和多类型的大数据人才队伍等重要观点。习近平总书记关于数据安全重要论述拓展了总体国家安全观的内涵与外延，使马克思主义国家安全思想和人本技术观在数智化时代焕发出新的理论生命力，为我国统筹数据发展与数据安全提供了根本指导思想和清晰的行动路径。这些论述超越了西方数据商业化应用优先的功利导向，突破了西方数据安全观霸权思维的狭隘与偏私，戳穿了“中国数据威胁论”的荒谬逻辑，为促进全球数据资源安全有序地开发利用，推动国际社会形成以数据主权平等、自主发展与自主管理为核心的数据安全治理共识，提供了中国智慧。

Against the backdrop of profound adjustments in the global economic landscape and increasing complexity in the external environment, the “dual circulation” new development paradigm provides a strategic direction for enhancing industrial chain resilience by strengthening the endogenous driving forces and reliability of domestic circulation, as well as improving the quality and efficiency of international circulation. Under the “dual circulation” new development paradigm, enhancing industrial chain resilience is not only an inherent requirement for ensuring stable economic performance in China but also a critical pathway to breaking free from low-end lock-in within the global value chains (GVCs) and elevating industrial competitiveness. However, existing literature remains insufficient in exploring the relationship between the “dual circulation” new development paradigm and industrial chain resilience, particularly lacking a dual perspective-focusing on both domestic circulation and domestic and international dual circulation-to thoroughly analyze their impact on industrial chain resilience and its mechanisms.
This paper utilizes data from the China Carbon Accounting Database, China Industry Economy Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook, and the National Bureau of Statistics. The measurement of industrial chain resilience draws on the approach in He, constructing an industrial chain network using China's multi-regional input-output data. Based on the complex network theory, a deliberate attack strategy is employed to calculate China's industrial chain resilience index. For measuring the “dual circulation” new development paradigm, this paper adopts the regional value-added decomposition framework developed by Zhang and Bai and Sheng et al., assessing domestic circulation and domestic and international dual circulation from a value chain perspective. Empirical findings reveal that domestic circulation exhibits a U-shaped effect on industrial chain resilience, initially suppressing and subsequently promoting it, while domestic and international dual circulation significantly enhances resilience. Mechanism analysis indicates that the domestic market scale and technological innovation serve as key pathways through which domestic circulation influences industrial chain resilience. Meanwhile, domestic and international dual circulation boosts resilience by attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and fostering technological progress. Further analysis demonstrates significant industrial and regional heterogeneity in the impact of the “dual circulation” new development paradigm on industrial chain resilience.
Compared to prior studies, this paper makes two key contributions. First, in terms of research perspective, this paper moves beyond the qualitative focus of existing literature on the background, connotations, and theoretical logic of “dual circulation”. Instead, it shifts attention to the economic effects of domestic circulation and domestic and international dual circulation, systematically examining their impacts on industrial chain resilience and identifying pathways for resilience enhancement in the new era. Second, in terms of research content, this paper disentangles the distinct effects and mechanisms of domestic circulation and domestic and international dual circulation on resilience, offering novel theoretical and empirical insights. Furthermore, by incorporating multidimensional perspectives, such as industrial and regional heterogeneity, it uncovers differential patterns of these effects, providing targeted policy guidance for industrial chain resilience improvement.
This paper elucidates the intrinsic mechanisms through which the “dual circulation” new development paradigm influences industrial chain resilience, offering valuable policy implications for the government to formulate targeted policies to enhance industrial chain resilience. The government should not only sustain the dominant role of domestic circulation in resilience building but also balance opening-up and economic security, and leverage domestic and international dual circulation to foster industrial chain resilience, thereby establishing a more resilient industrial chain system.

This paper explores the new development of the “unified view of poetry and painting” concept in the Song Dynasty. Its core issue is how the poetic philosophy of “usurping Creation” (夺造化) from the mid-Tang Han-Meng School was received by Song literati and penetrated the realm of painting, thereby reshaping the traditional relationship between poetry and painting. The significance lies in its uncovering of the profound intellectual-historical dynamics driving the evolution of art theory in the Song Dynasty, complementing previous scholarly perspectives that have focused on the evolution of painting techniques.
This paper primarily employs cross-genre and interdisciplinary methods of textual analysis and intellectual-historical inquiry. By tracing the evolving trajectory of the key term “usurping Creation” through Tang and Song poetry, “notebook fiction” (such as the transformation of the Han Xiangzi story in Youyang zazu (酉阳杂俎) and Qingsuo gaoyi (青琐高议), official treatises on painting (like Xuanhe huapu (宣和画谱) and Huaji (画继) and poems inscribed on paintings, this paper reconstructs the specific paths and conditions under which a poetic idea was transformed into a concept within painting theory.
The research process unfolds in three progressive stages. First, this paper examines the process by which the “usurping Creation” concept evolved from a sporadic poetic expression in the Tang Dynasty into a core criterion of painting theory in the Song Dynasty. Second, it links the cause of this phenomenon to the cultural trend of “Revering Han Yu” in the Northern Song, arguing that it was the admiration for the spirit of Han Yu's poetry that reactivated and disseminated the “usurping Creation” idea, while Ouyang Xiu's discourse theoretically established the connection of poetry and painting in “vying with Creation in ingenuity” (与造化争巧). Finally, through an analysis of painting practices such as Gaoxuan Guotu (高轩过图) and Shiding Lianju Tu (石鼎联句图), it specifically elucidates how this new concept guided painters in tackling the bizarre and unconventional poetry traditionally considered “unpaintable”.
This paper reaches the following conclusions and main arguments. First, the rise of the “usurping Creation” concept in the field of Song Dynasty painting was fundamentally driven by the revival and dissemination of the mid-Tang poetic philosophy of the same name. Second, the introduction of this concept elevated the theoretical foundation of the “unified view of poetry and painting” from the traditional “learning from Creation” (师造化), based on representational ability, to “usurping Creation”, based on creative power. Third, this led to the emergence of a new paradigm-“There is painting in Changli Gong's poems” (“昌黎公诗中有画”)-which stands in stark contrast to the model of “There is painting in Mojie's poems” (“摩诘诗中有画”). It sought to create sensory shock in the viewer through a bizarre and innovative style, rather than the elegant pleasure pursued by traditional poetic painting. Fourth, to achieve this aesthetic goal, Song Dynasty painters of poetic themes made significant technical innovations, such as emphasizing expression over representation and employing continuous narrative techniques akin to a handscroll.
The innovation of this paper lies in its explicit formulation of two coexisting models within the Song Dynasty's “unified view of poetry and painting”: the “Mojie model” based on “learning from Creation” and the “Changli Gong model” based on “usurping Creation”. By placing the evolution of painting theory within the larger context of poetics and intellectual history, this paper deepens the understanding of the relationship between poetry and painting in the Song Dynasty and provides a new interpretive dimension for the evolution of the core motif of the “relationship between heaven and humanity” in Chinese art.

During the Edo period of Japan, the Yomihons Gundan of Guoxingye in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Gundan of Taiwan and Ehon of Guoxingye are historical books on the theme of the Guoxingye, with rich volumes and a large number of books. They had a great influence at that time. At present, relative research focuses on the Battle of the Guoxingye, and there is little research on these three historical education Yomihons that spread for more than 100 years during the Edo period and covered the upper class to the common people, and ignores the fact that the Yomihons in Meiji are rearranged versions of these three Yomihons.
By comparing the contents of the Gundan of Guoxingye in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Gundan of Taiwan with the original texts, and comparing them with other related Chinese novel texts, this paper analyzes the stitching logic of the Ehon of Guoxingye co-edited by these two Yomihons a hundred years later, combined with the creation of 21 Gundan and later Yomihons in Edo, aiming to gain an in-depth understanding of the book nature, creative intention, and purpose of the renovation of these three Yomihons. Based on clarifying the original text, combined with the theory of comparative literary iconography, this paper analyzes the degree, method, and illustrations of the three Yomihons, thus exploring the techniques and purposes of the readers to shape Zheng Gongcheng and change the theme of the original text. On this basis, combined with the theory of covert progression and the theory of literary imagery, this paper analyzes the two covert progression processes of text and illustrations intertextual interpretation, and reveals the fundamental logic that shapes Zheng Chenggong and the influence of reader education.
This paper expands on previous studies in the following four aspects. First, it discusses three historical Yomihons that have not been paid attention to by existing research but have a large number of actual readers and conducts an in-depth analysis of the texts. Second, it is pointed out that in addition to the Establishment of the Qing Dynasty and historical materials examined by the predecessors, the original text of Gundan of Guoxingye in Ming and Qing Dynasties has in fact been revised and adapted from more than a dozen novels, such as The Northern History of the Late Ming Dynasty, The Southern History of the Late Ming Dynasty, The Record of Loyalty and Bravery in Liaodong, and The Chronicles of the Middle Ming Dynasty. Third, it is pointed out that the Yomihons achieve the narrative effect of “seventy percent fiction and thirty percent historical materials” through the translation and modification of the “seventy percent historical materials and thirty percent fiction” of Chinese historical materials and novels, and these Yomihons grafted the deeds of figures like Xiong Tingbi and Li Chengdong onto the Zheng family, shaped them as loyal ministers, military gods and sea overlords. Fourth, this paper discusses the intertextual interpretation of the text and the illustrations and points out that the text of Yomihons has influenced the history education from the upper class to the common people by promoting the two covert progression processes composed of the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, Wa, Guoxingye, and Dayuan, as well as the intertextual interpretation of illustrations.
Based on textual analysis, this paper clarifies the background of the text, explores the way in which the “seventy percent fiction and thirty percent historical materials” of the text shape Zheng Chenggong, and reveals the implicit narrative process of intertextual interpretation of text and illustrations. It is helpful to trace the formation and reception of the narrative from Edo to the late Qing Dynasty, clarify the creative intention and reader education of the three Yomihons in the period of Edo, and point out the influence of the circulation of the books on the understanding and shaping of Zheng Gongcheng by modern Chinese literati.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are assisting and supporting humans in handling various complex affairs. In the future, they will support and assist humans in the allocation of social resources and benefits. To enable AI algorithms to better carry out allocation activities, it is necessary to embed allocation justice ethics in the initial algorithm programming, that is, to guide the relevant programming tasks of AI algorithms with specific allocation justice ethics. However, existing literature on solving this problem from the perspectives of Bentham's utilitarianism theory and Rawls' distributive justice theory has shown a dilemma, so it is necessary to find a way out from other theoretical perspectives.
This article, from the perspective of contextualist justice, randomly selects bread as one of the social goods as an example to study whether AI algorithms can implement justice distribution on bread in different social contexts. It finds that whether in general social contexts such as supermarkets, temples, or sports fields that do not directly endanger human life, or in special social contexts such as supermarkets where beggars enter, temples where robbers break in, or sports fields where someone faints, or in complex social contexts where multiple subjects compete for life, AI algorithms can assign social meaning to bread based on the social context in which it is located, and implement just distribution of bread that matches the social meaning of bread. Therefore, it is feasible for AI algorithms to allocate social goods based on the social meaning assigned to them by the social context.
This article expands on previous literature in the following two aspects. Firstly, it explores the mechanism of AI algorithms allocating social goods based on the social context in which social goods are located and the social significance of the social goods determined by them. From a new perspective, it expands previous literature on the justice of AI algorithm allocation. Secondly, unlike existing research that only abstractly discusses the algorithmic implementation of distributive justice, this article takes specific social goods and their specific social contexts as examples to conduct a systematic study that combines theoretical speculation and empirical verification of the algorithmic implementation of distributive justice, clearly presenting the internal workings of distributive justice algorithms.
This article reveals the mechanism of algorithmic allocation justice, which helps designers, producers, and regulatory departments of AI to embed appropriate and reasonable allocation justice ethics into the relevant programming tasks of AI algorithms, ensuring that AI algorithms allocate social resources and interests fairly, forming feasible solutions that balance technological innovation incentives and social equity maintenance, and promoting the harmonious development of the digital society.

With the deepening of social informatization, “mediatization” has gradually become a key topic in academic discourse. Mediatization aims to explore the relationship between media and socio-culture from a broader perspective. From the perspective of mediology, Confucian temples function as spatial media, materializing the spiritual culture of Confucianism. Stele inscriptions, using stone as their medium, have been important communication vehicles in China and abroad since ancient times. The Qing Dynasty's Manchu minority regime actively utilized the Confucian temple as a mediated space to disseminate its cultural identity. The erection of Pingding Gaocheng Steles within Confucian temples represented a development and innovation of two longstanding Chinese political-cultural traditions: commemorating achievements through stone inscriptions and Confucian temple rituals. Existing study on Pingding Gaocheng Steles is primarily concentrated in the field of history, with no dedicated study in communication or media studies.
Based on a detailed review of historical documents, this paper conducts a holistic study of eight Qing Pingding Gaocheng Steles located in Confucian temples. It seeks to explore, from the perspective of mediology, why these steles were placed within Confucian temples, and what communicative media attributes and political communication functions they possessed. This paper finds that the Confucian temple, as a medium, served as one of the core arenas for rulers to implement “political mediatization”, providing political actors with a field of “visibility” for political communication. The Qing rulers leveraged the publicity, commonality, and cultural characteristics of the temple's mediated communication. By erecting Pingding Gaocheng Steles within the temple, they reported recent political achievements to Confucius, aiming to establish a form of “politics of recognition”. Consequently, these Pingding Gaocheng Steles functioned as a “medium of recognition”, shaping a form of “mediatized politics”. This type of stele medium integrated both “military governance” and “civil governance” aspects of national governance. Using state-sponsored Confucian temples as storage spaces, it disseminated the political message of pacification achievements to all levels of the state educational system through rubbing and replication techniques, playing significant communicative roles in political symbolism, political publicity, and political persuasion.
Compared to previous literature, this paper makes expansions in three aspects. Firstly, in terms of the research perspective, it examines the communicative value and significance of both the Confucian temple and Pingding Gaocheng Steles as material media carriers from the perspective of mediology, focusing on both the stele medium and its cultural-spatial context. Secondly, in terms of macro-level holistic research, it combines Pingding Gaocheng Steles from the Imperial Academy Confucian Temple with those from the Rehe Wenmiao (Confucian Temple), integrating the phenomena of stele communication in central state academies with those in local state academies, viewing them as a typical historical communication phenomenon. Thirdly, in researching media communication functions, it explores the communicative functions of these Pingding Gaocheng Steles while offering necessary critical reflections on the historical limitations of this medium.
This paper, to some extent, reveals the communicative functions of the Confucian Temple Pingding Gaocheng Steles in constructing national identity, interpreting the “Great Unity” communication practice, and establishing political legitimacy, along with their contemporary communicative value. It aids government departments in fully excavating and utilizing historical and cultural resources to tell China's stories, awaken national memory, and highlight the distinctive features of Chinese civilization. This contributes to forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of China's excellent traditional culture.

目前我国所采取的分领域、分要素立法模式，无法为排污许可制度的一证式综合许可改革提供体系性的规范依据，需要借助生态环境法典编纂的契机，实现对既有排污许可规范的体系化。排污许可制度是固定污染源监管制度体系的核心，这一定位决定了法典的体例结构安排中，应当在污染防治编的通则之中通过专章或专节对排污许可制度予以集中规定，编排顺序上排污许可制度应当上接预防性制度、下联事后应对性制度。排污许可的制度规范包括内部规范和外部规范两个方面，内部规范重在统一排污许可设定条款、合理设定排污许可条件、准确界定排污许可义务的内涵、正确理解排污许可证后监管措施的法律效力；外部规范重在对排污许可与环评、三同时、总量控制制度等制度的衔接规则予以规定。

方言异形词有狭义与广义之分，后者指不同方言中具有同一义位和语音对应规律而书写形式不同的词语。方言同源词是指不同方言中语音存在对应关系、可证明具有共同的源义素的词语。汉语史角度的个案考察中，方言异形词与方言同源词容易混淆，可从把握内涵与外延、形成原因的差异，观察书写形式及有无共同义位等方面有效区分。区分二者的学术价值在于为个案实践提供有参考价值的方法论，促进汉语词源学的理论建设与实践研究，助力汉语词汇学研究走向纵深等。

香港舞剧《生死萧红》及其附属演出《经验萧红》，是萧红题材突破传统文字文本局限，首次出现在多媒体舞蹈剧场并实现开放性对话。该舞剧以独舞形式为核心，解构萧红与他者的关系感，剥离传统文学视角对萧红与他者互动研究的依赖，转而聚焦其内在的情绪经验，以再现人文关怀的情感策略。以此，从生命状态的表现与创造中，以“本体回归”实现萧红形象的纯粹化与凝集化，呈现独特的艺术质感。同时，糅合舞蹈的实践方式与剧场的审美叙事，建立起“色彩隐喻”与“空间转换”两大关键艺术手法：红白二色的视觉效应，分别象征生命的热烈与疾病的悲剧，辅之以红布、病床等道具，映射萧红的蓬勃创作、追寻自由、母体经验与病体早逝等多种境遇；舞台空间的虚实转换则构建了物理与心理的双重场域，既呈现萧红外在流徙的轨迹，又指涉其精神世界的孤绝与坚韧。在割舍了“独与群”的映衬之外，仍留存了“动与静”的交涉。该舞剧客观上形成了南与北的地域碰撞，呈现东北原乡与香港终焉之地的互文关系，揭示萧红作为战时知识分子，如何在从北至南的离散经验中寻找身份认同与重构文化记忆。以不拘泥于地域差异的辩证态度，从回溯与在地的交织中探索人类的普遍精神困境，实现东北作家的南方形塑与想象。

The reform and opening-up in the past 40 years has enabled China to surpass the accumulation of many developed countries that took two or three hundred years to complete. This compressed development approach has led to significant economic and social growth in a short period. However, it cannot be ignored that the rapid changes in social structure and interest patterns have accumulated a large number of social governance risks. Grassroots governments are the frontline mediators in resolving conflicts and disputes, playing a crucial role in preventing and managing social risks. Strengthening research on the social stability management behavior of grassroots governments is of great significance for maintaining social stability and safeguarding the interests of the people. However, there is currently little research on the complex and changing behavior of grassroots governments in resolving social governance risks.
Based on the theory of rational behavior, this paper constructs an analytical framework for grassroots governments to resolve social risk behaviors, and uses a case study method to empirically analyze the behavior of town government B in resolving social disputes during the merger of middle school A. The findings of this paper are as follows. Firstly, currently, China faces a structural dilemma of heavy social risk governance tasks and insufficient financial resources, which forces grassroots governments to eliminate social risks to the greatest extent possible at the lowest economic cost. Secondly, in a specific social governance context, due to differences in policy identification and action capabilities, the public may form different target groups, such as cooperation, confrontation, complaints, and compliance. These differentiated target groups will have different impacts on the risk governance of grassroots governments. Thirdly, in terms of specific action strategies, grassroots governments combine environmental constraints with the background of target groups, and choose targeted strategies such as actively absorbing, punishing according to law, promoting good governance, and attracting empowerment to better guide social forces to resolve governance risks and achieve ideal governance performance at the lowest governance cost.
This paper constructs a new analytical framework to explain a series of behaviors of grassroots governments in addressing social risks. The theoretical innovations of this paper are as follows. Firstly, it introduces the rational behavior theory, enriching the research perspective of grassroots governments in resolving social risks. Secondly, the process and methods of the impact of differences between target groups on grassroots government risk governance actions have been pointed out, filling the gap of insufficient attention to the context of target groups in existing research. Thirdly, this paper proposes that refined composite governance is a new model for the transformation of social risk governance, and provides an in-depth interpretation of the current “social governance” risk governance model.
This paper suggests that selective incentives are an important manifestation of the transformation of the grassroots government's social risk governance model. This refined and composite governance model has significant advantages in promoting social participation and reducing governance costs, and has broad application prospects. This governance model has important reference significance for promoting the modernization of the grassroots governance system and governance capacity.

Renewable energy technology innovation is one of the key strategies for addressing climate change, helping China achieve its emission reduction targets, reduce production costs, and promote green economic transformation. Innovation is the core driver for social progress and economic development. Against the backdrop of the technological revolution, innovation capacity has become a key determinant of a nation or a region's competitiveness. However, from the perspective of innovative city pilot policies, there remains a gap in research on their impact on renewable energy technology innovation.
Based on balanced panel data at the level of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2022, this paper treats innovative cities as a quasi-natural experiment, employing the difference-in-differences (DID) method to identify the mechanisms through which pilot policies influence urban renewable energy technology innovation, and conducting heterogeneity analysis from multiple perspectives. The findings indicate that pilot policies significantly generate a green effect, i.e., they promote urban renewable energy technology innovation. After undergoing a series of robustness tests, this conclusion remains valid. The mechanism analysis indicates that the innovative city pilot policy promotes renewable energy technology innovation through talent effects, technology effects, and industrial structure optimization effects. The heterogeneity analysis shows that in eastern cities, those with higher green finance, and those with stronger digital infrastructure capabilities, the innovative city pilot policy has a more significant effect on renewable energy technology innovation.
Compared with previous literature, the potential marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it fills research gaps. Existing literature has examined the impact of innovative city policies on overall innovation or the drivers of renewable energy technology innovation, but few studies have directly linked the two, especially using quasi-natural experiment methods to assess the effects of a comprehensive innovation policy on innovation activities in a specific green technology field. This paper employs the DID method to provide relatively reliable causal evidence for this link, expanding the understanding of the environmental effects of innovation policies and policy tools for green technology innovation. Second, it deepens the understanding of mechanisms. Unlike studies that focus solely on the overall effects of policies, this paper delves into the specific pathways through which innovative urban policies influence renewable energy technology innovation via three key channels: talent, technology, and industrial structure optimization. This provides more detailed micro-level mechanism evidence for understanding how “innovation-driven development” is concretely implemented in “green technology transformation”, enriching interdisciplinary research at the intersection of innovation economics and environmental economics. Third, it offers insights into heterogeneity. This paper systematically examines the differences in policy effects across regions, cities with varying levels of green finance development, and cities with different levels of digital infrastructure. This not only reveals the conditional nature of policy implementation effects but also provides valuable empirical evidence and theoretical references for future promotion of innovative city policies, regional coordinated development, and targeted measures to drive renewable energy technology innovation.
This study explores how innovative city construction influences technological innovation in urban renewable energy, aiming to provide new empirical evidence for China's innovative city construction and renewable energy technological innovation.

以“势”化言既是中国传统哲学的思维方式，亦是当代话语体系构建的现实要求。“话语势能”是话语在社会结构中积蓄影响力并生成现实效应的潜在能力，它源于话语内容的思想力量、话语主体的组织能力与话语平台的传播能力在具体语境中的交互激发。本文从“势”的哲学范畴出发，探赜“话语势能”的内涵结构与生成逻辑，提出“内容—主体—平台”三位一体的建构框架，分析其在中华民族共同体话语体系塑造中的运行机制。聚焦内容抽象、权威分散、平台割裂等现实挑战，提出具象可感的表达体系、多元协同的主体关系、融合共享的平台格局等擢升策略，以期为中华民族共同体话语体系的建构提供一种兼具哲学深度与现实导向的实践方案。

The revised Administrative Reconsideration Law in 2023 incorporates “playing the main channel role of administrative reconsideration in resolving administrative disputes” into its legislative purpose, marking a historic shift in the functional positioning of the administrative reconsideration system. In this context, exploring the implementation path of administrative reconsideration as the main channel for resolving administrative disputes and conducting systematic theoretical explanations around the supportive system of the main channel has become a major practical proposition that the administrative law community needs to respond to urgently.
This paper believes that the scope of cases that can be collected and handled and the diversion of cases that can be fully handled are solid guarantees for the position of the main channel in terms of quantity. The handling procedures that can be adjusted to the fullest extent and the reconsideration decisions that can be changed to the fullest extent are solid guarantees for the main channel position in terms of quality. In terms of the standardized interpretation of the scope of the case, it can be ensured that more administrative disputes can be resolved timely through the administrative reconsideration channel based on the overall interpretation of the clause structure and the expansive interpretation of legal concepts. Additionally, with the assistance of the petition introduction mechanism and the court clarification mechanism, a comprehensive scope of case acceptance can be formed at the entrance. In terms of the normative interpretation of the provisions on the listing of administrative preconditions, a broad understanding should be given to “failure to fulfill statutory duties” and “refusal of administrative organs to disclose”, supplemented by judicial drainage and special legal provisions, which can achieve the diversion of cases that can be fully disposed of at designated locations. The principle of administrative reconsideration mediation has the characteristics of unlimited scope, full process applicability, and rigid binding force. First, it is necessary to focus on different types of administrative reconsideration cases and explore the work system of classified mediation; second, we should make full use of the special provisions on the suspension of administrative reconsideration to create conditions for timely mediation and settlement of cases; third, we should fully utilize the existing work platform and strength, and continuously enhance the credibility of administrative reconsideration mediation through internal and external cooperation. In terms of the central position of priority application of change decisions, the precise application of three error correction situations, namely, improper discretion, application based on facts, and full respect for judicial review, can form a review decision that can be fully amended.
This paper expands on previous literature in the following two aspects. Firstly, it provides a systematic and standardized explanation of the specific implementation mechanism of Article 1 of the Administrative Reconsideration Law regarding the role of the main channel for resolving administrative disputes. Secondly, based on the overall perspective of administrative relief, the specific implementation mechanism of the main channel's role should be systematically constructed. The interpretation and application of the supporting mechanism for the main channel of resolving administrative disputes through administrative reconsideration will be a long-term and fundamental task in the development of the administrative reconsideration system.

与多样文化交融是马克思主义在发展过程中的普遍文化现象，现今，马克思主义在中国与中华优秀传统文化"结合"得更好。马克思主义在发展过程中受到多样文化的影响，理论工作者有意无意地融合本土文化精神，发展出了多样的理论形态。这种交融恰恰是在面向具有时代性价值的共同现实课题时，找到了彼此的结合点。国外马克思主义者与多样文化对话时，往往使用的是“肢解”了的马克思主义，即其方法、精神与主张等。但这也客观印证了，马克思主义有与多样文化交融的多重层次。中国共产党人推进了马克思主义发展史上前所未有的广度与深度的“结合"，实现了马克思主义在理论学说、指导思想、观念文化的多层次深度发展。“第二个结合"实现了“中国化"“时代化"的有机统一，对马克思主义有全面、完整、准确的守正创新，坚持体系化、学理化要求，明确了中华优秀传统文化的"传统"总体性质和可以发挥现实价值的"优秀"部分，对理论创新具有方法论的启示价值。

在气候变化议题的社会属性越发突出的背景下，文化价值观成为了探索通过叙事进行公众气候参与动员的关键。在中国这一重要且独特的文化语境中，可能存在哪些与公众气候参与具有关联的文化价值观？何种叙事策略有助于公众基于文化价值观进行气候与？这些关键问题仍缺乏关注。本文采用焦点小组、深度访谈与叙事工作坊进行材料收集，利用扎根理论展开分析以回应上述问题。研究发现：与西方既有研究强调应单一面向传统文化价值观或现代文化价值观进行气候叙事不同，在中国文化语境中，过往导向、天人合一、中庸之道、与人为善这四种偏向中国传统的文化价值观，以及未来导向、民族认同、拼搏奋进这三种偏向现代文化的文化价值观形成合力，对我国的公众气候参与产生影响。与中国传统连接、强调未来的视角能兼顾中国文化的传统与现代、国家与地方等多维度的叙事策略，并且更好地激活上述文化价值观体系，并发挥气候参与的动员效果。研究揭示了气候议题与中国社会文化在传统与现代的维度均发生着复杂关联，也为基于中国文化价值观展开有效的气候叙事实践提供了策略层面的指引。

In the context of increasingly intense global competition in artificial intelligence (AI), understanding the cultural driving forces behind national strategic choices is essential for analyzing international technological competition. Existing studies mainly focus on technological rivalry or geopolitical logic, with limited attention given to how cultural values shape strategic decisions. This paper, from the perspective of strategic culture, constructs an analytical framework of “national security-AI-strategic culture”, using four cultural dimensions, namely, “hegemonic protection”, “frontier culture”, “American exceptionalism”, and “isolationism versus interventionism”, to trace the historical evolution of the US AI strategy, deconstruct current development trends, and propose inclusive governance strategies based on cultural limitations. This approach offers a cultural lens for understanding the global AI governance landscape.
This paper uses historical cultural analysis and case studies to uncover the interactive logic between cultural genes and AI strategy. The “hegemonic support” tradition of the US leads it to treat AI as a tool for technological monopoly; “frontier culture” evolves into the “digital new frontier”, creating a model of capital and policy-driven land grabbing; “US-centrism” transforms AI competition into a “civilizational clash”; and the combination of “isolationism and interventionism” manifests as the “high fences around a small yard” strategy-collaboration within alliances and external blockage.
The study finds that the three main trends in the US AI strategy are, in essence, the technological externalization of cultural logic: Strategically, it advances technological monopolies under the guise of “territorial expansion” while suppressing competitors under the pretext of “hazard containment”. In terms of pathways, AI is embedded within an ideological confrontation framework through “pan-securitization”. In terms of tactics, a composite strategy of “selective alliances” and “responsibility avoidance” is employed, simultaneously building a technological closed loop with allies while avoiding global governance responsibilities, which exacerbates the international cooperation trust crisis. Cultural limitations lead to three major impacts: “Binary opposition” weakens the core position of alliances, fostering a “de-Americanized” multi-path approach; technological protectionism erodes ally trust; and the militarization of AI and “small-circle” governance intensifies security dilemmas, leading to fragmented rules.
The innovation of this paper is reflected in stepping outside the conventional rationalist analysis framework to construct a “culture-strategic choice” explanatory model, revealing the cultural contradictions within the US AI strategy and providing insight into its policy continuity. Based on this, this paper proposes responses: facilitating cognitive penetration through think tanks and other platforms to inspire “cultural-industrial” awareness and dissolve American hegemonic narratives; creating AI public products that reflect civilizational diversity, shifting governance rules from “value export” to “experience sharing”; and establishing a technology transparency framework while strengthening military security dialogues to avoid arms race risks. These measures aim to offer theoretical and practical value in contributing to the creation of a multipolar and civically harmonious global AI governance ecosystem.

Against the backdrop of the deep evolution of global exchanges among civilizations and the digital technology revolution, new quality productive forces not only inject impetus into China's high-quality economic development but are also bound to make significant contributions to promoting global exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. This paper, in response to the insufficiency of current research in integrating and analyzing the intrinsic connection between new quality productive forces and exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for building a new pattern of global exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations that is characterized by equality and inclusiveness.
This paper adopts a theoretical construction and systematic analysis approach to systematically sort out the dialectical relationship between new quality productive forces and exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. By analyzing the deep impact of technological changes on cultural production, dissemination, and interaction models, and combining the laws of cultural evolution, a three-dimensional analytical framework of “logical reasoning-mechanism of action-practical path” is constructed. This paper unveils that the high permeability and high integration characteristics of new quality productive forces provide a strong impetus for driving exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. At the level of logical reasoning, based on the principles of historical materialism, starting from the universal laws of the evolution of productive forces and the development of civilization, a three-dimensional dialectical logic of “the universal logic of the development of civilization, the endogenous logic of the differentiation of civilization, and the subject logic of value consensus” is deduced, which profoundly explains the intrinsic connection between productive force leaps and exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. Regarding the mechanism of action, this paper focuses on how new quality productive forces reconfigures the traditional model of cultural exchanges and dissemination through revolutionary technological breakthroughs, and constructs a new system of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations centered on “innovating cultural production paradigms-reshaping dialogue interfaces-optimizing interaction efficiency”, effectively resolving the dilemmas of traditional cross-cultural dialogue such as communication barriers, value attenuation, and interaction deficiency. At the level of practical path, it is necessary to build a more powerful Chinese material civilization, generate a more vibrant Chinese spiritual civilization, promote more diverse cross-cultural exchanges, create a more abundant carrier of human cultural resources, and practice a civilization view of equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, thus fully utilizing the development momentum of new quality productive forces to promote global exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.
This paper expands on existing research in the following aspects. First, it reveals the dialectical relationship between new quality productive forces and exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, deepening the contemporary interpretation of Marx's theory of exchanges among civilizations. Second, it transcends the traditional research's limited understanding of the instrumental nature of technology, systematically demonstrating the intrinsic support logic of new quality productive forces for the equality, inclusiveness, and diversity of civilizations and its positive role in dissolving the hierarchical order of civilizations. Third, it systematically constructs a theoretical model of new quality productive forces empowering exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, responding to the theoretical demands of building a cultural power and promoting the global civilization initiative.
The results of this paper deepen the theoretical understanding of new quality productive forces empowering exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, providing practical guidance for exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations in the digital age. Additionally, it provides references for China's participation in global cultural governance under the high-quality development of the “Belt and Road” Initiative, guiding governments, enterprises, and social organizations in promoting cultural “going global”, innovating products, and building dialogue platforms, and serving the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

生态环境法典编纂过程坚持以人民为中心作为理念指引，如何处理好人民健康与环境健康的关系是法典化立法方式所应当予以回应的关键问题。《环境保护法》第39条首次明确建立环境与健康风险控制制度，但在实践中，该制度并未得到真正的建立与有效的实施。为此，有必要考察其他国家环境与健康风险管理法律制度，构建以环境与健康风险评估为“枢纽”的制度体系，主要包括环境与健康风险评估制度、以健康为核心的环境标准制度、环境健康风险监管制度。生态环境法典的编纂为建立健全这一制度提供了契机，需要认清环境与健康保护取得实效但制度短板亟待补齐，从源头上分析产生环境与健康制度体系化障碍的原因，进而建构符合法典编纂目标的环境与健康制度体系。

从理论层面阐明了供应链与信用链及二者耦合在冲击传染效应中的机制作用，从实证层面构建了2002-2022年行业价格信息溢出指数，分析了供应链与信用链在冲击传染中的重要机制作用。研究发现，供给侧冲击通过生产网络与商业信用网络向下游行业传染，需求侧冲击则向上游行业传染。其中，生产网络主要发挥下游效应，而商业信用网络的双向传染效应显著。进一步地，金融危机期间，生产网络主要发挥下游效应，同时上游效应有所加强，商业信用网络的传染机制作用不显著。此外，生产网络和商业信用网络耦合会进一步放大行业间的风险传染。

中小企业是我国国民经济的重要组成部分，但长期以来面临着“融资难、融资贵、融资慢"的现实问题，严重制约其发展潜力。随着人工智能、大数据、云计算、区块链等数字技术与金融行业的深度融合发展，智慧金融成为解决中小企业融资困境的有效方式。本文基于理论研究与现实问题分析，探讨了智慧金融在中小企业融资中的现实应用路径。研究发现，智慧金融可以通过智能风险控制、大数据信用评估、区块链溯源等金融科技手段，优化金融市场资源配置，提高中小企业融资可得性。然而，智慧金融的应用过程也可能引发数据存储安全、算法决策偏见、隐私数据泄露、法律监管滞后等新的风险与挑战。为此，本文提出建立数据保护机制、优化算法设计、隐私管控、跨部门协同监管与明晰法律责任主体等风险治理策略，旨在推动智慧金融助力中小企业融资的可持续发展。

This paper investigates how France has constructed a continuous national technological trajectory across different historical periods through the interplay between its political system and technological infrastructure, while examining the institutional logic and national identity mechanisms embedded in this process. As a country marked by high institutionalization between state and society, France's technological choices have not only reflected national strategic priorities but also been deeply embedded in its governance structure and identity construction. Existing research has largely focused on individual technologies, lacking a systematic comparison of governance logics across historical stages, particularly in the context of increasingly close Sino-French technological cooperation. This paper seeks to address this gap by tracing the evolution and structural characteristics of France's technological governance system.
Employing textual analysis, this paper focuses on France's development policies regarding two emblematic technologies: nuclear power since the 1950s and 5G communication technology in the contemporary era. It analyzes the interactions among state institutions, scientific communities, and industrial sectors, and explores how technical discourses and institutional environments co-construct the legitimacy and authority of technological systems. This paper is based on a wide range of primary materials, including French national archives, policy documents, expert reports, news coverage, and official speeches, aiming to uncover how technological systems are mutually shaped by political and cultural structures.
The findings reveal three key characteristics of France's technological governance. First, the state consistently plays a central role in directing resource allocation and technological development. Second, although technological advancement has undergone waves of marketization and internationalization, the governance logic centered on state organizational capacity persists through more flexible coordination mechanisms. Third, the legitimacy of technology is constructed through scientific authority and deeply shaped by narratives of national identity and cultural positioning, reflecting the cultural-political dimension of technological choices.
Nuclear power development exemplifies the alignment of “state planning-expert regime-institutional consensus”, underscoring France's pursuit of autonomy, security, and great power status. In contrast, 5G, a globally collaborative and market-driven technology, has been incorporated into France's governance in the framework of “European technological sovereignty”. In the context of Sino-French cooperation, significant tensions have emerged: While advocating for openness and collaboration, France imposes restrictions on Chinese technologies under the discourse of national security and information sovereignty. These tensions illustrate France's continued structural dominance in directing technology in the era of globalization, and its defensive mechanisms based on institutional and identity-based distinctions in external technological cooperation. Meanwhile, China has sought to leverage 5G infrastructure projects, corporate partnerships, and institutional discourse to showcase its capabilities in telecommunications, security governance, and platform infrastructure, thus engaging in technology diplomacy and international communication practices targeting France and Europe.
This paper contributes to existing literature by revealing the institutional inertia and cultural significance of French technological governance through a longitudinal analysis of its technological evolution and a comparative study of two strategic technologies. It addresses the research gap in non-Anglophone models of technology development and governance. At the policy level, this paper sheds light on the structural differences and frictions underlying Sino-French technological cooperation and offers insights for China in shaping its 5G narrative in France and Europe. Theoretically, by situating technological choice within the intersection of institutional trajectories, national identity, and international relations, the paper enriches the interdisciplinary dialogue between political communication and technology governance studies.

民族生存环境是族群独享的地域自然，它是造物主的本原性设计，被族群经历漫长自然竞争而成为世代传承的地域疆界和空间结构。民族生存环境在原本上是自生境的，因其无节制消耗突破其本原性限度而滑向死境运动，形成以环境悬崖为标志的后世界风险社会陷阱。突围此陷阱的唯一方式，是意识地回归民族生存环境，恢复其生境位态和自生境能力，这需要认知和行动的双重努力。一是展开回归民族生存环境的认知启蒙，确立民族之地域环境权不可剥夺的社会共识，建立维护其环境权的社会机制。二是探索“可持续生存优先”的存在方式，抑制新技术无限度开发，建立以“大社会”为导向的开源节流的生存式发展机制，重构以慢节奏和俭朴生活为基本导向的大众生活方式。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China's regional economic development has seen a shift toward inter-provincial cooperation based on cross-regional development strategies, city clusters, and metropolitan areas. Inter-provincial cooperation has progressively become the spatial pattern of China's regional economic development, as evidenced by the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Yangtze River Delta's high-quality integrated development, the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, and the ecological preservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. However, cooperation and competition are inextricably linked in interprovincial relations, and the decentralization system and administrative division have not completely eliminated the local protections implemented by each region for the sake of growth, resulting in distortion in interprovincial cooperative relations. Interprovincial administrative barriers have become a major impediment to the integration of the domestic market under the new development pattern, in which the domestic circulation is the mainstay and the domestic and international circulation reinforce each other, and promoting interprovincial cooperation has become critical to the high-quality, integrated development of the regional economy under the new development pattern.
Based on the evolution of the temporal and spatial pattern of inter-provincial cooperation since the founding of the People's Republic of China, this paper analyzes the route of inter-provincial cooperation from three perspectives of stage evolution, systematic driving mechanism, and new situations and opportunities. The findings reveal that the tendency of inter-provincial agglomeration of economic activities in China has become more apparent. Regional development is shifting from the conventional “four sectors” to inter-provincial cooperation, and a spatial pattern of regional economic development based on inter-provincial cooperation is emerging. The central government, local governments, and the market all have a twofold impact on inter-provincial cooperation since they all seek to maximize their interests. Combining the new situation and new prospects presented by inter-provincial collaboration in the new growth stage, this paper makes the following suggestions: strengthening the central planning authority, improving the system's construction, strengthening top-level design, capitalizing on the benefits of the new generation of information technology, and investigating new forms of inter-provincial collaboration.
This paper contributes to existing literature in the following three aspects. First, it focuses on the provincial administrative belonging of the participating subjects to study the stage-by-stage evolution of interprovincial relations, which confirms the trend of interprovincial agglomeration of economic activities in China. Second, the driving mechanism of inter-provincial cooperation is systematically separated from the multiple roles of the central government and the market, providing a rich research perspective for breaking through the barriers of inter-provincial cooperation and further deepening domestic circulation. Third, using the theory of repeated games in information economics, this paper summarizes the triple roles of the central government, local governments, and the market in terms of constructing the triggering strategy of infinite repeated games, providing a new research perspective for breaking the prisoner's dilemma of inter-provincial relations.
This paper reveals the stage-by-stage evolution of China's interprovincial cooperative relations and the driving mechanism, re-examines the new opportunities facing interprovincial cooperation from the perspectives of the institutional environment, technological environment, and domestic development conditions, and proposes a new path of cooperation, which helps the government departments formulate policies and measures to strengthen interprovincial cooperation.

Competition law varies in nature depending on the legal context of different countries or regions. In the Chinese context, competition law is theoretically classified as economic law, which is distinct from public law and private law. However, in legal practice, the economic law attributes and thinking patterns of competition law are not consistently applied and are often replaced by the private law analysis paradigms. Misunderstandings have led to a series of problems, such as differences in the handling process or outcomes of competition cases by relevant authorities, which have affected the authority of the competition law system. Therefore, it is necessary to correct this situation.
This paper employs the philosophical methods of deconstructionism and structuralism. Based on fully deconstructing the competitive legal relationship and exploring its inherent multiple and complex elements, it constructs the structure of its social solidarity relationship, that is, it is centered on the behavioral subject and radiates outward to external subjects, forming a double-layer, binary, and bidirectional relationship structure. In this structural relationship, the most external and open-ended interest, which is directed toward unspecified entities, that is, the social public interest, is the starting point and objective of competition law analysis in the Chinese context. The systematic understanding of this special structure can provide theoretical support for correcting the erroneous introduction of private law concepts and their inappropriate influence in the practice of competition law in China. It helps guide the improvement of China's competition law system, including the introduction of punitive damages and the improvement of the public interest litigation system for anti-competitive behavior.
This paper finds that the competitive legal relationship appears similar to a contractual relationship or a tort relationship on the surface, but essentially constitutes a social solidarity relationship due to the involvement of unspecified subjects. The expansion of enterprise scale has changed the way enterprises operate and the social interest structure, as well as the constraints between existing laws and social entities. Competition law does not focus internally on protecting the parties involved, but rather examines the competitive process in terms of the influence of external parties, and focuses on the order and efficiency of competition. When the purpose of protecting competition shifts from competition participants to the competitive order, the private nature of competitive relationships is covered by their public nature, and social solidarity becomes the dominant factor in determining the nature of behavior, that is, the so-called competitive harm. Competition law regulates the abuse of economic power or the abuse (or being abused) of competitive advantage, and the method of regulation is to assess the degree of damage to the public interest of society. Based on the priority of social public interest in the composite relationship, a theory of social solidarity can be established in the Chinese context. This theory helps further clarify the nature of competition law, enrich economic law theory, and guide legislation and legal practice.
Compared with previous studies, this paper makes extensions in the following areas. The first is methodological innovation. Using deconstructionist and structuralist methods, it constructs the social solidarity relationship of competition law in the Chinese context. The second is the refinement of economic law theory. Whether it is market supervision law or macro-control law, both are based on social solidarity relationships.

鸦片战争的爆发与清廷的战败，使得中英两国在政治、经济、军事等领域权力关系发生颠覆性反转，这种转向既缘于西方船坚炮利的裹挟与清政府羸弱不堪的国力，也得益于英国外交部积极组织的中国知识生产、译介与转化。透过英国驻华外交机构对华商业贸易信息、军事外交情报以及语言文化知识的生成、译介与应用，借以实现在华利益的攫取、维护与扩大的历史史实，揭示了英国政府武力入侵与威慑背后，对华语言文化信息知识层面的战略考量，以及借中国知识研习“外衣”，服膺母国“国利”的真实企图。中英双方在此博弈过程中的利益得失，为当代中国提出国别与区域研究，探索与建构更具针对性、系统化的世界知识图谱与智库，积极参与全球治理，服务人类命运共同体，提供了他者之镜与现实启发。

生态环境法典编纂过程坚持以人民为中心作为理念指引，如何处理好人民健康与环境健康的关系是法典化立法方式所应当予以回应的关键问题。《环境保护法》第39条首次明确建立环境与健康风险控制制度，但在实践中，该制度并未得到真正的建立与有效的实施。为此，有必要考察其他国家环境与健康风险管理法律制度，构建以环境与健康风险评估为“枢纽”的制度体系，主要包括环境与健康风险评估制度、以健康为核心的环境标准制度、环境健康风险监管制度。生态环境法典的编纂为建立健全这一制度提供了契机，需要认清环境与健康保护取得实效但制度短板亟待补齐，从源头上分析产生环境与健康制度体系化障碍的原因，进而建构符合法典编纂目标的环境与健康制度体系。

“代码"与“法律”是数字法治时代的一对双生主题。“代码"在数字空间的规制属性越来越接近“法律”。于是,“代码即法律"成为一种高影响力观点，它表达了代码在数字空间的一种强大规制能力。虽然代码具有自我校正、理性、精密、高效等各种优势功能，其技术化后的公权执行系统、私权防护系统能够弥补立法在运行过程中缺陷。但是“代码即法律"这种表达目前还停留在一种文学类比阶段，我们不能仅从字面含义去理解这句话。从法理视角来看，代码尚未满足成为法律的各项条件，也不具备法律的品格。代码自身也存在:公开度受限、稳定性较弱、缺乏国家意志和民主意识、可信度易被质疑等局限。我们既要发挥代码的优势，发现代码的端，同时更要探索代码与法律的沟通与融合路径，并为中国式现代化下的数字法治秩序保驾护航。

我国改革已进入全面深化阶段，加快社会信用体系建设是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、构建和谐社会的重要基础，也是社会治理创新的重要手段。随着信用理念的发展，社会信用不再局限于经济领域，而是涵盖国家治理和社会主体生产生活的方方面面。失信惩戒制度是落实社会信用体系建设的核心制度，对社会主体权利产生了重要影响。但是，实践中以“一处失信，处处受限”为特征的失信联合惩戒以公共利益最大化为导向，有逐步滥用之势，使失信主体承担了额外负担。因此，既要充分发挥联合惩戒的制度优势，又要合理控制“惩戒失度"带来的负面影响:通过信用立法来确立联合惩戒的正当法律程序，彰显“禁止不当联结原则"在联合惩戒中的重要地位，并以现代法治理念构建良好的多元救济机制，以此有效化解因联合惩戒而产生的冲突、体现联合惩戒与个人权利保护的适度平衡。

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposes to accelerate the development of the digital economy, promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, and build a digital industry cluster with high international competitiveness. In this process, the digital transformation of enterprises is undoubtedly a key path for achieving deep integration between the two. However, the current digital transformation in Chinese enterprises is not optimistic, with only 16% of enterprises achieving significant results, and most of these enterprises are industry-leading large enterprises. The digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) significantly lags. In this context, promoting the digital transformation of SMEs has become crucial for promoting a balanced development of the digital economy. The shortage of funds and risk concerns are undoubtedly the two major challenges that hinder the digital transformation of SMEs.
Since 2016, the State Council of China has explicitly required intermediate people's courts in various cities to establish liquidation and bankruptcy courts, as well as independent bankruptcy courts (hereinafter referred to as “bankruptcy courts”). This measure significantly improves the efficiency of handling bankruptcy cases, strengthens the protection of creditors' rights and interests, and thus has a significant impact on the financing constraints and risk-taking level of enterprises. Theoretical research has shown that this influence exhibits significant heterogeneity among enterprises of different scales, which can have vastly different effects on the digital transformation of enterprises of different scales.
This article manually collects relevant data on the establishment of bankruptcy courts and uses empirical analysis methods to deeply explore the impact of bankruptcy court establishment on the digital transformation of enterprises of different sizes. The benchmark regression results show that the establishment of bankruptcy courts has no significant overall impact on the digital transformation of enterprises. However, the group regression analysis shows that the establishment of bankruptcy courts has a restraining effect on the digital transformation of SMEs, while it has a promoting effect on the digital transformation of large enterprises. This discovery still holds true after robustness testing, providing strong support for Schumpeter's hypothesis. Further mechanism analysis shows that financing constraints and risk-taking are the main transmission channels for the heterogeneous impact of the establishment of bankruptcy courts. In addition, this impact is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises and areas with higher law enforcement efficiency. Additionally, the development of regional digital finance and digital technology facilities can alleviate the inhibitory effect of the establishment of bankruptcy courts on the digital transformation of SMEs.
The marginal contributions of this article are mainly reflected in the following three aspects: Firstly, from the perspective of creditor protection, this article reveals the positive impact of optimizing the legal environment on the digital transformation of enterprises, and deepens research on the external environmental driving factors of enterprise digital transformation. Secondly, this article delves into the heterogeneous role of enterprise size in the impact of bankruptcy court establishment on the digital transformation of enterprises, providing strong empirical support for the applicability of Schumpeter's hypothesis in the Chinese context. Finally, from the perspective of digital transformation, this article deeply analyzes the microeconomic effects of the establishment of bankruptcy courts and expands the research boundaries of the “law and finance” field.
The conclusion of this article reveals the spillover effects of optimizing the bankruptcy system, providing important policy references for promoting the digital transformation of enterprises of different scales in the context of legal reform.

The improvement of transportation facilities has been seen as an important means of raising income in China. Compared to the eastern region, the terrain in the western region is dominated by mountains, plateaus, and basins, making it more expensive and difficult to carry out the transportation industry. Consequently, to enhance the transportation capacity and the quality and efficiency of logistics development in the western region, China has issued the Master Plan for New Western Land and Sea Corridor, actively promoting the construction of the new western land and sea corridor and the development of a multimodal system of land transportation, inland waterway transportation, and air transportation. However, most income disparity studies tend to focus on the impact of transportation infrastructure and fail to look at the key factor of transportation quality efficiency.
This paper comprehensively examines the four modes of transportation, namely, railroads, highways, water transport, and civil aviation, and refers to the research results of scholars such as Tian and Ran and Li and Tu, to comprehensively assess the efficiency of the transportation quality in the regions along the new western land and sea corridor, and quantifies the degree of urban-rural income inequality using the Theil index, and then empirically examines the role of the efficiency of the quality of transportation in affecting urban-rural income inequality. This paper finds that the efficiency of transportation quality in the new western land and sea corridor significantly reduces urban-rural income inequality in the regions along the routes, and this finding remains robust after dealing with endogeneity, replacing the urban-rural income inequality measure, and adjusting the sample size. Mechanism analysis suggests that this ameliorative effect is achieved through two main paths: improving financial efficiency and promoting urbanization. Further analysis of the threshold effect shows a non-linear relationship between the efficiency of transportation quality and the degree of urban-rural income inequality when urban per capita disposable income and rural per capita disposable income (per capita net income) are taken as threshold variables.
Compared with existing studies, the innovations of this paper are mainly in the following aspects. Firstly, taking into account the actual situation of the western region and the national policy orientation, this paper focuses the research perspective on prefecture-level and above cities along the new western land and sea corridor, and uses the total passenger transport volume/total household population and the total freight transport volume/built-up area to comprehensively measure the efficiency of the transportation quality and examine its impact on the urban-rural income inequality. Secondly, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of how the efficiency of transportation quality affects urban-rural income inequality, i.e., it explores the specific paths through which it works. Finally, this paper uses a threshold model to further investigate whether there is a nonlinear relationship between transportation quality efficiency and the urban-rural income inequality. This paper provides a new theoretical and empirical basis for understanding the role of transportation quality and efficiency in the coordinated development of the regional economy, and actively helps the government to make scientific decisions on transportation infrastructure investment and planning. Additionally, this paper reveals the complex relationship between transportation quality and efficiency and the urban-rural income inequality, which helps prefecture-level cities to introduce more targeted policy measures to promote balanced urban-rural development and realize common prosperity.