Since the realization of independence, most African countries have made slow progress on the road to industrialization, and some countries have even witnessed the economic situation of “deindustrialization”. The main reason that affects the industrialization process in Africa is that economic policies based on the experiences of developed countries are not in line with the actual situation of developing countries. Therefore, by rethinking the existing economic theories, the new structural economics proposes development strategy of comparative advantage theory and a framework of growth identification and facilitation. Based on the fact that some African countries are beginning to transform their development ideas and achieve a phased industrialization success, the new structural economics is positively influencing Africa’s industrialized development pattern and is providing many African countries a practical solution to achieving sustainable economic growth.