From the perspective of dual equilibrium theory and dynamic capability theory, this paper analyzes impacts that the mechanism of the strategic balance of organizational internal (marketing ability and innovation ability) and external abilities (political relationship) has on corporate governance efficiency. The results prove that: The internal and external capabilities of enterprises have a positive impact on the corporate governance efficiency. The internal and external capabilities of enterprises affect the efficiency of corporate governance. In the alternative relationship, the relationship between marketing ability and external political relationship has a complementary relationship with the efficiency of corporate governance; the degree of industry competition has a significant negative adjustment in the alternative relationship between innovation ability and external ability to corporate governance efficiency, and the institutional environment. The regulation of an action mechanism is not significant; the institutional environment has a significant positive adjustment in the complementary relationship between marketing ability and external ability to corporate governance efficiency, but the degree of industry competition has no significant effects on the regulation of this mechanism. The research conclusions provide certain practical enlightenment for the corporate governance in China, and also provide theoretical references for its development.