Governance, as a hot topic in recent years, reflects the discourse consciousness of Chinese social science to a certain extent. The shift from “simple governance” to “fine governance”, which is regarded as the important historical transformation of social governance, embodies the unique management system in China to adapt to social development and improve social governance efficiency. That is how to promote the realization of the public purpose at the relatively low cost and meet the people's demand for differentiation degree through the organization of the process with reengineering and flexible management technique. The multi-dimensional goal of social governance efficiency is to propel social governance model to adapt to social changes of the basic driving force, and dominate the social governance model in China to go through different stages, such as simple governance, systematic governance and technical governance. And it gradually turns into the fine governance model, which meets the demands of social governance in the new era. To understand the connotation of social governance efficiency has positive significance for understanding the refinement reform in current governance practice and promoting the localization of governance theory.