现代科技的发展正在挑战人们长期以来所形成的“生”“死”标准,令人重新审视生命的价值,思考生命支配权能。法学界对于生命权是否具有支配权能一直存在较大分歧,否认说基于人格尊严维护、防卫立法宗旨、公益属性分析等否认自然人拥有生命支配权。肯定说则基于自然权利、自主权、财产权、人格权等理论坚持自然人拥有生命支配权能。在现代科技背景下,固守旧制否认生命权之支配权能,漠视个体的正当权利诉求,不仅无法解释各种生命支配现象,而且导致相关法律与实践割裂、法律自身矛盾。反之,承认生命权具有支配权能,将展现法律对“人”祛魅的务实态度,使生命权更加符合支配权构造,体现了尊重个体权利的理念,并可以合理解决现代科技带来的“生”“死”难题。“民法典·人格权”编中应承认自然人对自己的生命享有依法支配权能。

The development of modern science and technology is challenging the standards of “life” and “death” that people have formed over a long period. It makes people re-examine the value of life and think about the right of life. There always existed disagreement in the jurists on the disposable right of life. Based on the maintenance of human dignity, the defensive purpose of legislation, and public interest, the negative theory denies that a natural person has the right to dispose life. According natural rights, autonomy, property rights, and personality rights, affirmative doctrine insists that a natural person have disposable right of life. In modern times, the practice adhering to the old law denies disposable right of life and disregards individual claims. This not only fails to explain various phenomena of life disposal, but also results in the separation of relevant laws and practices and the internal contradiction of the law. On the contrary, recognizing the disposable right of life, it will demonstrate the pragmatic attitude of the law: the right of life is more compliant with the structure of dominance; it shows the respect for individual rights, and it can rationally solve the problem of life brought by modern technology. The legislation should recognize that natural person has disposable right of life in the “Civil Code o Personality Right.”