本文基于产品空间结构视角,使用2001—2013年中国企业层面产品出口数据,通过构造中国产品空间结构图可视化中国产业升级路径,并实证检验了中国各区域和各产业内部产业升级与比较优势之间的关系。研究发现:区域产业升级进程对累积生产能力禀赋的依赖程度与其经济发展水平具有一定的负相关性,即经济发展水平较高的地区对累积生产能力禀赋的依赖程度偏低,能够适度偏离既有比较优势,利用技术上的创新或政策上的优势推进产业升级;各地在传统产业退出方面存在障碍,其中经济发展水平较低的地区尤其突出,降低了资源的配置效率。因此,应顺应各地区产业升级特点,因地制宜地推进产业升级进程,同时完善落后产业退出机制以促进能力禀赋资源的重新调配,为实现产业的跨越式升级奠定基础。

Based on the perspective of the product space structure, this paper visualizes China's industrial upgrading path by constructing China's product space structure pictures using the product export data from 2001 to 2013. Furthermore, it empirically tests the relationship between the industrial upgrading and comparative advantages in various regions and industries in China. This study finds that the degree of dependence on cumulative capacity endowment in the process of regional industrial upgrading has a certain negative relationship with the level of economic development. That is, the region with higher level of economic development has a low degree of dependence on cumulative capacity endowment, which can moderately deviate from existing comparative advantages and use technological innovation and policy advantages to promote industrial upgrading. There are obstacles in the exit of traditional industries, especially in regions with lower level of economic development, which reduces the allocation efficiency of resources. Therefore, we should push forward the process of industrial upgrading according to local conditions, and improve the exit mechanism of backward industries to promote the reallocation of capacity endowment and lay the foundation for the leapfrog upgrading of industries.